Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101Modeling Leukemia in Children Using Phase-type Distribution11542490ENMarziehMahmoudimaneshDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranAbbasBahrampourProfessor of Biostatistics, Research Center for Health Modelling, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-6343-9243ZahraFarahmandiniaAssistant Professor of Pediatrics, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranJournal Article20150426<strong>Background:</strong> In this study, with the aim of modeling Leukemia in children using Phase-type distribution, three transitional phases including diagnosis, brain metastasis and testis/ovary metastasis, and one absorotion phase of recovery/death have been considered. The distribution was fitted and the probabilities of death or recovery were determined based on the independent variables including age, sex, blood group, etc.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this modeling study, necessary information was extracted from patients’ medical records (recorded during 2006-2013) available in the Medical Records Department of Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman/ Iran. After excluding the unrelated cases, Phase-type distribution was fitted in which four phases including three transitional phases (cancer diagnosis, brain metastasis, and testis/ ovary metastasis ) and one absorption phase (death or recovery) have been considered. For this purpose, different modeling methods were used for patients who had died and recovered. EM algorithm was used for modeling and fitting Phase-type distribution. Data were analyzed using SPSS22 and R. After fitting Phase-type distribution and determining the probabilities of absorption, the effect of each independent variable on these probabilities was evaluated, and t-test, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used for the analysis of different variables.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> The variables of sex and the presence or absence of splenomegaly and hepatomegaly had no effect on the probability of death and recovery. However, the probability of death showed significant relationship (p <0.0001) with the diagnosis of cancer type (ALL or AML) and it was more in patients diagnosed with ALL. Death probability had also significant relationship with brain and testis/ovary metastasis (P=0.002). As expected, the probability of death in patients with brain or testis/ovary metastasis compared to those without matastasis was more. In addition, the p-value of the test used to assess the association between the probability of death and blood groups was 0.025; therefore, there is a significant difference in the probability of death between at least two blood groups.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results show that the diagnosis of cancer type and treatment method can affect the probabilities of death and recovery. Further studies on other variables can help physicians to predict the probabilities of death or recovery during the development of cancer and choose the best treatment method to enhance the probability of recovery in these patients.<br /> Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101The Effect of Co-administration of Pioglitazone and Simvastatin on Insulin Resistance Parameters and PPAR.γ Expression in Insulin-resistant Rats162742492ENGholam AbbasMohammadiAssociate Professor, Department ofClinical Biochemistry, AfzalipourSchool of Medicine & Physiology Research Center ,Kerman University of Medical Sciences,Kerman,IranBehnazDaneshGeneral Physician, Kerman Hygiene Center,KermanUniversity of Medical Sciences,Kerman,IranHoseinFallahAssistant Professor, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, AfzalipourSchool of Medicine & Physiology Research Center,KermanUniversity of Medical Sciences,Kerman,Ira0000-0001-6196-0775SamanehRahemiDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, AfzalipourSchool of Medicine,KermanUniversity of Medical Sciences,Kerman,IranJournal Article20150808<strong>Backgrounds: </strong>Insulin resistance is a pathological condition associated with metabolic syndrome. In this condition, insulin action in liver, muscles, and adipocytes decreases which leads to hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and dyslipidemia. Thiazolidinediones (Pioglitazone) have been used to enhance insulin sensitivity but due to dyslipidemia associated with insulin resistance, adult treatment panel III (ATPIII) have suggested statin therapy for ameliorating dyslipidemia in metabolic syndrome.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> In this study, 40 rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (8 rats per group). The first group was considered as the healthy control group and fed with regular chow. In other groups, insulin resistance was induced by feeding a high-fructose diet for 6 weeks. Then, the 2<sup>nd</sup>, 3<sup>rd</sup> and 4<sup>th</sup> groups respectively received Pioglitazone, Simvastatin and Simvastatin+Pioglitazone through gavage for 2 weeks and the 5<sup>th</sup> group (control group) did not receive any drug. At the end of the treatment period, serum samples were collected in fasting condition. The levels of glucose, triglycerides, insulin, and adiponectin were measured by ELISA method, and HOMA-IR was calculated. Animals were anesthetized to remove liver for measuring PPAR.γ expression.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Blood glucose in Pioglitazone group (129.1±5.8 mg/dl) and Simvastatin+Pioglitazone group (137.1±9.9 mg/dl), triglyceride in Simvastatin group (123.6±16.6 mg/dl) and Simvastatin+Pioglitazone group (101.5±7.5 mg/dl), insulin in Pioglitazone group (40.27±2.75 pmol/L), Simvastatin group (70.07±10.35 pmol/L), and Simvastatin+Pioglitazone group (47.62±2.80 pmol/L) and adiponectin in Pioglitazone group (5.90±0.29 μg/ml) and Simvastatin+Pioglitazone group (5.89±0.41 μg/ml) showed significant differences with the corresponding values in the control group [blood glucose (187.5±15.9 mg/dl), triglyceride (217.6±18.5 mg/dl), adiponectin (3.86±0.14 μg/ml), insulin (137.65±34.22 pmol/L) and HOMA-IR (9.7±2.13)]. Pioglitazone significantly increased PPAR.γ expression, but Simvastatin suppressed the effect of Pioglitazone on PPAR.γ expression.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The results show that Simvastatin has beneficial effects on insulin resistance in rats fed with high-fructose diet, but it has no synergistic or antagonistic effect with Pioglitazone.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Mentha aquatic L Extract as the Reducing Agent283742495ENHamedFathiMaster of Biology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranSheimaRamedaniFaculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.DanialHeidariMaster of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranHoomanYazdanNejatPharmacist, Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranManijehHabibpourMaster of Hematology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranPedramEbrahimnejadAssistant Professor, Departement of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, IranJournal Article20151021<strong>Background:</strong> Developing effective methods for the synthesis of bio-compatible and non-toxic nanoparticles is the main goal of nanotechnology. In the most chemical methods, a chemical reducing agent is used to reduce metal ions. But, in chemical methods, the stability of nanoparticles is controversial and synthesis in large sizes is much more difficult. Moreover, there is an increasing demand for the synthesis of nanoparticles using eco-friendly methods in order to avoid the harmful effects of chemical factors. Green synthesis is an alternative method for this purpose. The aim of this study was to assess green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using <em>Mentha aquatic L </em>extract as the reducing agent.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this Study, <em>Mentha aquatic L</em> was used as a reducing agent for the synthesis of bio-compatible silver nanoparticles. Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles was performed in three phases: preparing <em>Mentha aquatic L</em> extract, preparing silver nitrate solution, and adding the extract to the silver nitrate solution. Morphology of the sample and particle size distribution were analyzed<br /> by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS), respectively. Light absorption of nanoparticles was analyzed by Ultraviolet - visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectroscopy.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong>Analysis of UV-Vis absorption at 430 nm indicated the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) property of the particles.Considering the peak of dynamic light scattering (DLS) plot, particle size distribution of silver nanoparticles was below 100 nm.According to the results of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nanoparticles with mean particle size of 30 nm and spherical shape were the most frequent particles. The Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the presence of silver.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong>Based on the results, proper synthesis of nanoparticles with uniform distribution was confirmed. Therefore, <em>Mentha aquatic L </em>extract is an effective reducing agent that can be used as an alternative for chemical products in the synthesis of nanoparticles.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101The Relationship ofYersinia Isolates Bioserotypeswith Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Ampicillin, Cefazolin, and Cefotaxime384942496ENMohammad MehdiSoltanDallalProfessor, Food Microbiology Research Center&School of Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran0000-0002-3421-3974Mohammad KazemSharifiYazdiProfessor, Zoonosis Research Centre& School of Paramedicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, IranSaeidVahediInstructor,Department of anesthesia, School of Paramedicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, IranJournal Article20150720<strong>Background:</strong><em>Yersinia</em> is a genus in the family Enterobacteriaceae that its species include<em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em>, <em>Yersinia intermedia</em>, <em>Yersinia frederiksenii</em>, and <em>Yersinia kristensenii</em>. Among these species, <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em> is the most important one that causes various diseases such as gastroenteritis, mesenteric lymphadenitis, and erythema nodosum. Since antibiotic-resistance makes some problems in the treatment of diseases caused by these groups of bacteria, this study was designed to determine the relationship between serotypes and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Ampicillin, Cefazolin, and Cefotaxime in <em>Yersinia</em> isolates and also the sensitivity of <em>Yersinia</em> to these antibiotics.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this descriptive study, 50 different strains of <em>Yersinia</em> (39 ones isolated from human, environmental, and food resources of Iran, and 11 ones purchased from Pasteur Institute of Paris) were used to determine MIC of three selected antibiotics using broth macrodilution test.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Cefotaxim showed the lowest MIC (≤ 0.125μg/ml) indicating that it can be used as the most effective antibiotic against <em>Yersinia</em>-related infections. All the species showed 100% resistance to Ampicillin and very low sensitivity to Cefazolin.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Among four studied species, <em>Yersinia kristensenii</em> and <em>Yersinia frederiksenii</em> were respectively the most sensitive and the most resistant species to Beta-lactam antibiotics. <em>Yersinia enterocolitica</em> and <em>Yersinia intermedia</em> compared to the others showed intermediate sensitivity.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101The Association of 4G/5G Polymorphism of PAI-1-675 Gene with Clinicopathologic Features of Thyroid Tumors in Iranian Azeri Turkish Patients505742497ENNasserPouladiAssistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, AzarbaijanShahidMadani University, Tabriz, IranMahdiehYounesiMaster of Genetics, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranMohammadaliHosseinpourFeiziProfessor of Radiobiology, Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Tabriz University, Tabriz, IranJournal Article20161002<strong>Background:</strong> Due to the lack of information about the role of 4G/5G polymorphism of PAI-1 Gene in susceptibility to thyroid tumors, this study was performed to evaluate the potential effects of this polymorphism on clinicopathologic features of thyroid tumors in Iranian Azeri Turkish patients.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong>In this case-control study, 90 patients with thyroid tumors who were not blood relatives and their PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism had been determined in the previous study, were included.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> All clinicopathologic features of thyroid tumor related to PAI-1 4G/5G polymorphism that affect the severity of disease were studied. The results show that T1 tumor size (4G/4G, P = 0.019; 4G/5G, P = 0.021) in patients with/without these features was significantly different.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Data showed a protective role for 4G allele versus 5G and 4G/4G versus 5G/5G against the development of thyroid tumors in Azeri Turkish ethnic group.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101Larvicidial Effects of essential oil and methanol extract of Achilleawilhelmsii C. Koch (Asteraceae) against Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae), a malaria vector586742498ENMoussaSoleimani-AhmadiAssociate Professor, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health &Infectious and Tropical Diseases Center,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranMohammad AminGorouhiAssistant Professor, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, School of Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranSadeghMohammadi AzaniResearch Assistant, Faculty of Health, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranYaserSalimAbadiAssistant Professor, Department of Health Services and Health Promotion, School of Health& Molecular Medicine Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, IranAzimPaksaPostgraduate student, Department of Medical Parasitology, School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, IranGolsoomRashidPostgraduate student, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranAlirezaSanei-DehkordiAssistantProfessor, Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Faculty of Health& Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center,Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, IranJournal Article20160605<strong>Background:</strong> Mosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of many pathogens and parasites and consequently serious diseases in humans. Currently, application of plant derivatives has been suggested as an alternative bio-control technique for these medically important vectors.<br /> <strong>Methods: </strong>In this study the essential oil and methanol extract of <em>Achilleawilhelmsii</em> were tested against late-3<sup>rd</sup> or young-4<sup>th</sup> instar larvae stages of mosquito vector,<em>Anopheles stephensi</em>, under laboratory condition. The larval mortality was calculated after 24 h of the exposure period. Data were subjected to Probit analysis in order to estimate the lethal concentration for 50% and 90% of mortality values.<br /> <strong>Results: </strong>Results showed that the essential oil induced 100% larval mortality of <em>An. stephensi</em>larvae after 24 h with a dosage of 160 ppm, However, a dosage of 320 ppm of methanol extract was required to reach 100% larval mortality.Theessential oil methanol extract exerted significant larvicidal activity with LC<sub>50</sub> values of 39.04 and 115.73 ppm, respectively.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Our finding suggests that <em>A. wilhelmsii</em> oil is a potential source and has valuable larvicidal compounds for mosquito larval control.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101Association between Serum Uric Acid Level and Stenosis in Atherothrombotic Infarction687742499ENMohammad AliShafaAssociate Professor of Neurology, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranRostamSeifaddiniAssistant Professor of Neurology, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranFarhadIranmaneshProfessor of Neurology, Stroke fellowship,Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranFatemehSadat JafariResident of Neurology, Neurology Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, IranJournal Article20160517<strong>Background:</strong> Previous studies show that serum level of uric acid is significantly correlated with mortality and functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke and according to some other studies, ischemic stroke is associated with stenosis of some stenoisis of somespecific brain vessels. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of hyperuricemia and its association with intra and extra cerebral vessels stenosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> In this cross-sectional study, 169 patients with acute atherothrombotic stroke were evaluated. Blood samples were collected in the first 24 hours after stroke for the assessment of uric acid. Doppler ultrasound was done in the first 5 days of stroke. To analyze data, t-test and logistic regression were used.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> In this study, 22.4 % of patients had hyperuricemia. There was no significant statistical relationship between uric acid level and stenosis. Also, there was no significant statistical relationship between uric acid level and cerebrovascular risk factors. Mean serum uric acid level was 5.09±1/63 in patients with intracerebral vessels stenosis, 5.42±1.11in patients with extracerebral vessels stenosis and 6.18± 1.75 in patients with both intracerebral and extracerebral vessels stenosis. There was no significant statistical relationship between uric acid level and site of stenosis.<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong>Hyperuricemia is frequent in patients with acute ischemic stroke. The site of cerebral vessels stenosis is not associated with hyperuricemia.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101The Relationship of Components of Mindfulness with Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies: The Mediating Role of Alexithymia789242500ENSeyed Mohammad HosseinMousavi NasabAssistant professor of psychology, Faculty of literature and humanities, ShahidBahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran0000-0002-7102-2835Masoumeh SSajjadiMaster of General Psychology, ShahidBahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, IranJournal Article20160202<strong>Introduction:</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate the causal relationship of mindfulness and cognitive emotion regulation strategies and mediating role of alexithymia in this relationship.<br /> <strong>Method:</strong> In this descriptive-correlational study, 355 students (192 femalesand 163 males) were recruited from ShahidBahonar university of Kerman through randomclustered sampling method. Five- facet mindfulness questionnaire (FFMQ), Toronto alexithymia scale (TAS) and cognitive emotion regulation strategies questionnaire (CERQ) were used as instruments. Data were analyzed through SPSS22 and Mplus5 software packages and using path analysis and mediation analysis.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> There was significant relationship between facets of mindfulness, alexithymia and cognitive emotion regulation strategies. In addition, facet of difficulty in identifying feelings had partial mediating role in relationship between facets of mindfulness and positive emotion regulation strategies.<br /> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Results indicated that mindfulness has a significant role in prediction of different aspects of alexithymia and cognitive emotion regulation and it can be useful for improvement of emotional problems.Kerman University of Medical SciencesJournal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences1023-951024120170101Comparison of Craniovertebral Angle of Students based on Gender and Field of Study Differences9310242501ENRezaRajabiProfessor, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranHomanMinoonejadAssistant professor, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranMohammadKarimizadehArdakaniPhD student, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranZahraDarzi SheikhPhD student, Department of Sport Medicine and Health, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranEnsiehOmidvarResearch Assistant, University of Tehran, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151205<strong>Background:</strong> Since neck bears head’s weight, its abnormal position not only makes an inharmonious appearancebut also can cause musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the craniovertebral (CV) angle of students based on their gender and field of study.<br /> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this descriptive study, 1017 students (511 female and 506 male students) of Tehran Universities in different academic fields (Humanities, Basic Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine) were investigated. After recording age, weight and height of students, their CV angle was measured using Head Posture Spinal Curvature Instrument (HPSCI) and recorded in the data collection form. Based on the gender and field of study of students, CV angles were compared using two-way ANOVA and data were analyzed through SPSS18. Statistical significant level was considered at P=0.05.<br /> <strong>Results:</strong> Mean CV angle of female students was higher than that of males in all academic fields. The highest degree of CV angle was observed in the male engineering students (46.85°), and female medical students (48.65°) and the lowest was seen in the male basic sciences students (47.41°) and female humanities students (50.54°). According to the obtained results, CV angle has significant relationship with both gender and field of study (P=0.001).<br /> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Since no norm has been determined for the mean CV angle of the students at this age range, therefore, the degree of forward head posture of them cannot be definitely described. However, due to the growing tendency among studentsto pursue study, it is essential to inform themabout the correct body posture to prevent subsequent musculoskeletal disorders.