Document Type : Original Article
Authors
- Hadi Mirahmadi 1
- Ahmad Mehravaran 2
- Nasrin Rezaee 3
- Saber Gholizadeh 4
- Saber Raeghi 5
- Elham-Sadat Roointan 6
1 Assistant Professor, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Tuberculosis Institute & Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
3 Instructor, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Tuberculosis Institute & Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Laboratory Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
6 Assistant Professor, Department of Parasitology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Background: Cutaneous Leishmaniasis, is endemically observed in different parts of Iran in two forms of anthroponotic and zoonotic. The identification of both species and the type of disease are beneficial for treatment and prevention. Microscopic identification of Leishmania species has not provided promising efficacy. The aim of this study was to determine the Leishmania species that are responsible for cutaneous leishmaniasis in Zahedan/ Iran by using PCR and PCR-RFLP techniques.
Method: Direct smears were obtained from cutaneous leishmaniasis suspected individuals with low parasitemia in cutaneous lesions referred to Zahedan health centers. Eventually, the DNA was extracted from smears using DNA extraction kit. PCR was used to amplify both Leishmania kinetoplastic DNA (kDNA) and ITS1 locus of ribosomal DNA. Additionally, PCR-RFLP on ITS1 products was conducted to determine parasite species.
Results: PCR-RFLP test (detecting ITS1 locus) on all positive samples in microscopic analysis led to the identification of Leishmania major in 52 samples (54.7%), and 43 cases were detected to have Leishmania tropica (45.3%). On the other hand, kDNA-PCR results indicated a frequency of 68 (55.7%) for L. major and 54 (44.3%) for L. tropica.
Conclusion: Due to the high frequency of kDNA in parasitic genome, PCR-kDNA compared to PCR-RFLP shows a higher efficiency and accuracy not only in identifying infection, but also in determining parasite species, especially among the patients with fewer lesions. This study also indicates that both L. tropica and L. major could be found in Zahedan, with a greater tropical leishmaniasis endemicity.
Keywords
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