Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

JKMU Ethical Policies

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

News

Metric

Editorial Policies

Data Sharing Policy

The Effect of Eight-week Caffeine Supplementation and High-Intensity Interval Training on the Serum Urea and Creatinine Levels and Morphological Changes of Glomerular Unit in Diabetic Rats

Document Type : Original Article

Authors

1 Master of Sport Physiology, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

2 Assistant Professor in Exercise Physiology, Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

3 Assistant Professor in Sport Management, Department of Sport Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran

Abstract

Background: Glomerulonephritis is the one of disorders associated with diabetes. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of 8-week high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and caffeine supplementation on the levels of serum creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and morphological changes of kidney tissue in diabetic rats.
Methods: 50 diabetic rats as streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats were randomly assigned to 5 equal groups including control, diabetic, diabetic + caffeine, diabetic + training, and diabetic + training + caffeine. The groups were given supplements (intraperitoneal injection of 70 mg/kg of caffeine powder for five days in each week) and underwent training (5 sessions including 6 to 12 times of 2-minutes training at the rate of 85-90% of maximal speed each week ) for 8 weeks. The serum Cr and BUN levels and the morphological changes of kidney tissue after 48 hours of the last training session were measured. Statistical analysis was performed by one- and two-way ANOVA (p <0.001).
Results: It was revealed that HIIT reduced the levels of Cr (P=0.001) and BUN (P=0.013), as well as the urinary tract area (P=0.015) in diabetic rats. Although caffeine supplementation significantly reduced glomerular area (P=0.001) but increased BUN level (P=0.001) and Bowman's capsule (P=0.001) in them. There was a significant interaction between treatments regarding BUN level and urinary tract area changes (P=0.001, P=0.014, respectively).
Conclusion:HIIT and caffeine supplementation had significant effects on the serum Cr and BUN levels and morphological changes in rats' kidney tissues, but given doses and time of consumption of caffeine, as well as duration and intensity of training were more effective than the other indicators.

Keywords

References
  1. Chihara J, Takebayashi S, Taguchi T, Yokoyama K, Harada T, Naito S. Glomerulonephritis in diabetic patients and its effect on the prognosis. Nephron. 1986;43(1):45-9.
  2. Control CfD, Prevention. National diabetes statistics report: estimates of diabetes and its burden in the United States, 2014. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services. 2014;2014.
  3. Pandya D, Nagrajappa AK, Ravi KS. Assessment and Correlation of Urea and Creatinine Levels in Saliva and Serum of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease, Diabetes and Hypertension- A Research Study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR. 2016;10(10):ZC58-ZC62.
  4. Seiavoshy H, Samavatisharif M, Keshvari M, Ahmadvand A. The effect of resistance training programs on GFR and some biochemical factors of renal function in elderly males with type 2 diabetes. 2015.
  5. Thompson PD, Crouse SF, Goodpaster B, Kelley D, Moyna N, Pescatello L. The acute versus the chronic response to exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise. 2001;33(6 Suppl):S438-45; discussion S52-3.
  6. Smith HW. The kidney: structure and function in health and disease: Oxford University Press, USA; 1951.
  7. Wei M, Gibbons LW, Kampert JB, Nichaman MZ, Blair SN. Low cardiorespiratory fitness and physical inactivity as predictors of mortality in men with type 2 diabetes. Annals of internal medicine. 2000;132(8):605-11.
  8. Francois ME, Little JP. Effectiveness and safety of high-intensity interval training in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Spectrum. 2015;28(1):39-44.
  9. Hurst RA. The effects and differences of sprint interval training, endurance training and the training types combined on physiological parameters and exercise performance. 2014.
  10. Buchheit M, Laursen PB. High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Sports medicine. 2013;43(10):927-54.
  11. Robinson E, Durrer C, Simtchouk S, Jung ME, Bourne JE, Voth E, et al. Short-term high-intensity interval and moderate-intensity continuous training reduce leukocyte TLR4 in inactive adults at elevated risk of type 2 diabetes. Journal of applied physiology. 2015;119(5):508-16.
  12. Klein S, Sheard NF, Pi-Sunyer X, Daly A, Wylie-Rosett J, Kulkarni K, et al. Weight management through lifestyle modification for the prevention and management of type 2 diabetes: rationale and strategies. A statement of the American Diabetes Association, the North American Association for the Study of Obesity, and the American Society for Clinical Nutrition. The American journal of clinical nutrition. 2004;80(2):257-63.
  13. Kumar A, Singh UK, Kini SG, Garg V, Agrawal S, Tomar PK, et al. JNK pathway signaling: a novel and smarter therapeutic targets for various biological diseases. Future medicinal chemistry. 2015;7(15):2065-86.
  14. Zarghami-Khameneh A, Jafari A. The effect of different doses of caffeine and a single bout of resistant-exhaustive exercise on muscle damage indices in male volleyball players. KAUMS Journal (FEYZ). 2014;18(3):220-8.
  15. Wanyika H, Gatebe E, Gitu L, Ngumba E, Maritim C. Determination of caffeine content of tea and instant coffee brands found in the Kenyan market. African Journal of Food Science. 2010;4(6):353-8.
  16. La Vecchia C. Coffee, liver enzymes, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Journal of hepatology. 2005;42(4):444-6.
  17. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes care. 2004;27(5):1047-53.
  18. Eriksson J, Taimela S, Koivisto V. Exercise and the metabolic syndrome. Diabetologia. 1997;40(2):125-35.
  19. Peerapen P, Ausakunpipat N, Sutthimethakorn S, Aluksanasuwan S, Vinaiphat A, Thongboonkerd V. Physiologic changes of urinary proteome by caffeine and excessive water intake. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM). 2017;55(7):993-1002.
  20. Wijarnpreecha K, Thongprayoon C, Thamcharoen N, Panjawatanan P, Cheungpasitporn W. Association of coffee consumption and chronic kidney disease: A meta‐analysis. International journal of clinical practice. 2017;71(1):e12919.
  21. Peerapen P, Thongboonkerd V. Caffeine and Kidney Diseases.  Caffeinated and Cocoa Based Beverages: Elsevier; 2019. p. 235-56.
  22. Sasidharan SR, Joseph JA, Anandakumar S, Venkatesan V, Madhavan A, Nair C, et al. An experimental approach for selecting appropriate rodent diets for research studies on metabolic disorders. BioMed research international. 2013;2013.
  23. Fredholm BB. Notes on the history of caffeine use.  Methylxanthines: Springer; 2011. p. 1-9.
  24. Angelucci M, Cesario C, Hiroi R, Rosalen P, Cunha CD. Effects of caffeine on learning and memory in rats tested in the Morris water maze. Brazilian Journal of medical and biological Research. 2002;35(10):1201-8.
  25. Thomas C, Bishop D, Moore-Morris T, Mercier J. Effects of high-intensity training on MCT1, MCT4, and NBC expressions in rat skeletal muscles: influence of chronic metabolic alkalosis. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2007;293(4):E916-E22.
  26. Newman DJ. Renal function and nitrogen metabolites. Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry. 1999:1204-70.
  27. Talke H, Schubert GE. Enzymatische Harnstoffbestimmung in Blut und Serum im optischen Test nachWarburg. Klinische Wochenschrift. 1965;43(3):174-5.
  28. Kotyk T, Dey N, Ashour AS, Balas-Timar D, Chakraborty S, Ashour AS, et al. Measurement of glomerulus diameter and Bowman's space width of renal albino rats. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine. 2016;126:143-53.
  29. Hoseini L, Roozbeh J, Sagheb M, Karbalay-Doust S, Noorafshan A. Nandrolone decanoate increases the volume but not the length of the proximal and distal convoluted tubules of the mouse kidney. Micron. 2009;40(2):226-30.
  30. Rangan GK, Tesch GH. Quantification of renal pathology by image analysis (Methods in Renal Research). Nephrology. 2007;12(6):553-8.
  31. Liao F, An R, Pu F, Burns S, Shen S, Jan Y-K. Effect of exercise on risk factors of diabetic foot ulcers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation. 2019;98(2):103-16.
  32. Umpierre D, Ribeiro PA, Kramer CK, Leitao CB, Zucatti AT, Azevedo MJ, et al. Physical activity advice only or structured exercise training and association with HbA1c levels in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Jama. 2011;305(17):1790-9.
  33. Alvarez C, Ramirez-Campillo R, Martinez-Salazar C, Mancilla R, Flores-Opazo M, Cano-Montoya J, et al. Low-volume high-intensity interval training as a therapy for type 2 diabetes. International journal of sports medicine. 2016;37(09):723-9.
  34. Mitranun W, Deerochanawong C, Tanaka H, Suksom D. Continuous vs interval training on glycemic control and macro‐and microvascular reactivity in type 2 diabetic patients. Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports. 2014;24(2):e69-e76.
  35. Karstoft K, Winding K, Knudsen SH, Nielsen JS, Thomsen C, Pedersen BK, et al. The effects of free-living interval-walking training on glycemic control, body composition, and physical fitness in type 2 diabetic patients: a randomized, controlled trial. Diabetes care. 2013;36(2):228-36.
  36. Urzua Z, Trujillo X, Huerta M, Trujillo-Hernandez B, Rios-Silva M, Onetti C, et al. Effects of chronic caffeine administration on blood glucose levels and on glucose tolerance in healthy and diabetic rats. Journal of International Medical Research. 2012;40(6):2220-30.
  37. Egawa T, Hamada T, Kameda N, Karaike K, Ma X, Masuda S, et al. Caffeine acutely activates 5′ adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase and increases insulin-independent glucose transport in rat skeletal muscles. Metabolism. 2009;58(11):1609-17.
  38. Mukwevho E, Kohn TA, Lang D, Nyatia E, Smith J, Ojuka EO. Caffeine induces hyperacetylation of histones at the MEF2 site on the Glut4 promoter and increases MEF2A binding to the site via a CaMK-dependent mechanism. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 2008;294(3):E582-E8.
  39. Egawa T, Hamada T, Ma X, Karaike K, Kameda N, Masuda S, et al. Caffeine activates preferentially α1‐isoform of 5′ AMP‐activated protein kinase in rat skeletal muscle. Acta physiologica. 2011;201(2):227-38.
  40. Beaudoin M-S, Allen B, Mazzetti G, Sullivan PJ, Graham TE. Caffeine ingestion impairs insulin sensitivity in a dose-dependent manner in both men and women. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism. 2012;38(2):140-7.
  41. Santos RMM, Lima DRA. Coffee consumption, obesity and type 2 diabetes: A mini-review. European journal of nutrition. 2016;55(4):1345-58.
  42. Zanotti I, Dall'Asta M, Mena P, Mele L, Bruni R, Ray S, et al. Atheroprotective effects of (poly) phenols: a focus on cell cholesterol metabolism. Food & function. 2015;6(1):13-31.
  43. Greenberg J, Axen K, Schnoll R, Boozer C. Coffee, tea and diabetes: the role of weight loss and caffeine. International journal of obesity. 2005;29(9):1121.
  44. Nakajima K, Hirose K, Ebata M, Morita K, Munakata H. Association between habitual coffee consumption and normal or increased estimated glomerular filtration rate in apparently healthy adults. British journal of nutrition. 2010;103(2):149-52.
  45. Zhang Y, Coca A, Casa DJ, Antonio J, Green JM, Bishop PA. Caffeine and diuresis during rest and exercise: A meta-analysis. Journal of science and medicine in sport. 2015;18(5):569-74.
  46. Killer SC, Blannin AK, Jeukendrup AE. No evidence of dehydration with moderate daily coffee intake: a counterbalanced cross-over study in a free-living population. PLoS One. 2014;9(1):e84154.
  47. Bird ET, Parker BD, Kim HS, Coffield KS. Caffeine ingestion and lower urinary tract symptoms in healthy volunteers. Neurourology and Urodynamics: Official Journal of the International Continence Society. 2005;24(7):611-5.
  48. Robertson D, Wade D, Workman R, Woosley RL, Oates J. Tolerance to the humoral and hemodynamic effects of caffeine in man. The Journal of clinical investigation. 1981;67(4):1111-7.
  49. Kotani K, Sakane N, Yamada T, Taniguchi N. Association between coffee consumption and the estimated glomerular filtration rate in the general Japanese population: preliminary data regarding C-reactive protein concentrations. Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine. 2010;48(12):1773-6.
  50. Smavati MA, Siavashi H. The effect of 10 weeks of aerobic exercises on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and urea, creatine and uric acid levels in elderly men with type 2 diabetes. Sport Bioscience, 2015;7(4):979-91
  51. Bijeh N, Farahati S. The effect of six months of aerobic training on renal function markers in untrained middle-aged women. Intl J Sport Stud. 2013;3:218-24.
  52. Kakhak AR.The Effect of Aerobic Training and Following Detraining on Renal Function Markers in Obese Girls. Sport Bioscience, 2011;4(11):89-102
  53. Chiasera JM, Ward-Cook KM, McCune SA, Wardlaw GM. Effect of aerobic training on diabetic nephropathy in a rat model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science. 2000;30(4):346-53.
  54. Suzuki M, Shindo D, Suzuki R, Shirataki Y, Waki H. Combined long-term caffeine intake and exercise inhibits the development of diabetic nephropathy in OLETF rats. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2017;122(5):1321-8.
  55. Leblond FA, Giroux L, Villeneuve J-P, Pichette V. Decreased in vivo metabolism of drugs in chronic renal failure. Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 2000;28(11):1317-20.

 

Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume 27, Issue 6
November and December 2020
Pages 520-536
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics