Document Type : Original Article
Authors
1 Kerman Oral and Dental Diseases Research Centre, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
2 Dentist, Private Practice, Isfahan Iran
Abstract
Background: Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental enamel defect of the incisor and molars that can lead to fear of dentistry in children. This study aimed to compare the dental fear of children aged 8 to 12 years with MIH and children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia in 2020 in Isfahan, Iran.
Methods: In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, the participants included 200 students aged 8-12 years old in Isfahan, who were randomly selected from the second to sixth- grade students referred to the clinics. The examination was performed by a dentistry intern using a disposable dental mirror and dental probe on the unit. Fifty-two children with MIH and 148 children with permanent first molars without hypoplasia were enrolled. The Dental Subscale of the Children’s Fear Survey Schedule (CFSS-DS) questionnaire was used to collect information, which includes two sections: demographic information and 15 questions on different areas of fear of dental treatment in children. Data were analysed through SPSS 20 software and using descriptive-statistical tests (frequency and percentage, mean), t test, chi-square test, and logistic regression test. P < 0.05 was defined as a statistically significant level.
Results: The mean score of dental fear was 15 ± 35 (ranged from 15 to 75) which indicated moderate level of dental fear in the participating children. In whole, 62.5% of children were afraid of dentistry. The rate of dental fear in girls was 9 times higher than in boys (P < 0.05). Also, the rate of dental fear in children with MIH was 46 times higher than in children who did not have this disorder (P < 0.05). The frequency of dental fear in children with severe disorders was significantly higher than in children with mild defects (P = 0.000). There was no statistically significant difference in terms of dental fear among different age groups (P = 0.313). Also, with increasing the number of dental visits, dental fear increased by 1.2 times (P < 0.05), which was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Fear of dentistry in children with MIH was significantly higher than in children with molar teeth without hypoplasia.
Keywords
practical method for use in epidemiological studies on enamel
hypomineralisation. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2015;16(3):235-
46. doi: 10.1007/s40368-015-0178-8.
2. William V, Messer LB, Burrow MF. Molar incisor
hypomineralization: review and recommendations for clinical
management. Pediatr Dent. 2006;28(3):224-32.
3. Lygidakis NA, Garot E, Somani C, Taylor GD, Rouas P, Wong
FSL. Best clinical practice guidance for clinicians dealing with
children presenting with molar-incisor-hypomineralisation
(MIH): an updated European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry
policy document. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent. 2022;23(1):3-21.
doi: 10.1007/s40368-021-00668-5.
4. Salem K, Azarbaan S. An investigation of the prevalence
and predictive factors of molar-incisor hypomineralization
in Rasht, Iran. J Mashhad Dent Sch. 2017;41(1):31-40. doi:
10.22038/jmds.2017.8368. [Persian].
5. Ramezani J, Mirkarimi M. A review of molar-incisor
hypomineralization (MIH): diagnosis, etiology and treatment.
J Isfahan Dent Sch. 2011;7(3):344-54. [Persian].
6. Allam E, Ghoneima A, Kula K. Definition and scoring system
of molar incisor hypomineralization: a review. Dent Oral
Craniofac Res. 2017;3(2):1-9. doi: 10.15761/docr.1000197.
7. Bahrololoomi Z, Mostafalu N, Shakib A. Relationship between
molar incisor hypomineralization with body mass index and
dental caries index in 7-11 year old children in Yazd city. J
Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2017;25(1):11-9. [Persian].
8. Silva MJ, Scurrah KJ, Craig JM, Manton DJ, Kilpatrick N.
Etiology of molar incisor hypomineralization - a systematic
review. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2016;44(4):342-
53. doi: 10.1111/cdoe.12229.
9. Hussein AS, Ghanim AM, Abu-Hassan MI, Manton DJ.
Knowledge, management and perceived barriers to treatment
of molar-incisor hypomineralisation in general dental
practitioners and dental nurses in Malaysia. Eur Arch Paediatr
Dent. 2014;15(5):301-7. doi: 10.1007/s40368-014-0115-2.
10. Baghi S, Amareh MA, Heirat R, Hajivandi A, Alizadeh Y.
Evaluation of relationship between the children’s dental fear
and cooperation during dental treatment with the parents’
general health. Iran J Pediatr Dent. 2018;13(2):37-42.
[Persian].
11. Beena JP. Dental subscale of children’s fear survey schedule
and dental caries prevalence. Eur J Dent. 2013;7(2):181-5.
doi: 10.4103/1305-7456.110166.
12. Özükoç C. Evaluation of the relationship between MIH
severity and dental fear among the children: MIH and dental
fear. Med Sci Discov. 2019;6(10):284-7. doi: 10.36472/msd.
v6i10.318.
13. Fayle SA. Molar incisor hypomineralisation: restorative
management. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4(3):121-6.
14. Alsadat FA, El-Housseiny AA, Alamoudi NM, Elderwi DA,
Ainosa AM, Dardeer FM. Dental fear in primary school
children and its relation to dental caries. Niger J Clin Pract.
2018;21(11):1454-60. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_160_18.
15. Negre-Barber A, Montiel-Company JM, Catalá-Pizarro
M, Almerich-Silla JM. Degree of severity of molar incisor
hypomineralization and its relation to dental caries. Sci Rep.
2018;8(1):1248. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-19821-0.
16. World Health Organization (WHO). Oral Health Surveys:
Basic Methods. Geneva: WHO; 2013. p. 43-7.
17. Weerheijm KL, Duggal M, Mejàre I, Papagiannoulis L, Koch
G, Martens LC, et al. Judgement criteria for molar incisor
hypomineralisation (MIH) in epidemiologic studies: a
summary of the European meeting on MIH held in Athens,
2003. Eur J Paediatr Dent. 2003;4(3):110-3.
18. Safari S, Gholami M, Razeghi S. Development of a Persian
version of the children’s fear survey schedule-dental subscale
(CFSS-DS) among 8-12 year-old female students in Tehran. J
Dent Med. 2018;31(2):98-108. [Persian].
19. Gustafsson A, Broberg A, Bodin L, Berggren U, Arnrup K.
Dental behaviour management problems: the role of child
personal characteristics. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2010;20(4):242-
Sajadi and Fallahian Sichani
476 Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Volume 29, Number 5, 2022
53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2010.01046.x.
20. Weerheijm KL. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH). Eur J
Paediatr Dent. 2003;4(3):114-20.
21. Kosma I, Kevrekidou A, Boka V, Arapostathis K, Kotsanos
N. Molar incisor hypomineralisation (MIH): correlation
with dental caries and dental fear. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.
2016;17(2):123-9. doi: 10.1007/s40368-016-0221-4.
22. ten Berge M, Hoogstraten J, Veerkamp JS, Prins PJ. The
dental subscale of the children’s fear survey schedule: a
factor analytic study in The Netherlands. Community Dent
Oral Epidemiol. 1998;26(5):340-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-
0528.1998.tb01970.x.
23. Klingberg G, Berggren U, Carlsson SG, Noren JG. Child dental
fear: cause-related factors and clinical effects. Eur J Oral
Sci. 1995;103(6):405-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.1995.
tb01865.x.
24. Nakai Y, Hirakawa T, Milgrom P, Coolidge T, Heima M, Mori
Y, et al. The children’s fear survey schedule-dental subscale
in Japan. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005;33(3):196-
204. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00211.x.
25. Greenbaum PE, Turner C, Cook EW, 3rd, Melamed BG.
Dentists’ voice control: effects on children’s disruptive and
affective behavior. Health Psychol. 1990;9(5):546-58. doi:
10.1037//0278-6133.9.5.546.
26. Arapostathis KN, Coolidge T, Emmanouil D, Kotsanos N.
Reliability and validity of the Greek version of the children’s
fear survey schedule-dental subscale. Int J Paediatr Dent.
2008;18(5):374-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-263X.2007.00894.x.
27. Yamada MK, Tanabe Y, Sano T, Noda T. Cooperation during
dental treatment: the children’s fear survey schedule in
Japanese children. Int J Paediatr Dent. 2002;12(6):404-9. doi:
10.1046/j.1365-263x.2002.00399.x.
28. Shim YS, Kim AH, Jeon EY, An SY. Dental fear & anxiety and
dental pain in children and adolescents; a systemic review.
J Dent Anesth Pain Med. 2015;15(2):53-61. doi: 10.17245/
jdapm.2015.15.2.53.
29. Morowatisharifabad M, Razavinia M, Haerian-Ardakani
A, Fallahzadeh H. Study of dental anxiety among patients
referred to private offices in Mashhad. Tolooebehdasht.
2012;11(2):119-30. [Persian].
30. Esa R, Ong AL, Humphris G, Freeman R. The relationship
of dental caries and dental fear in Malaysian adolescents: a
latent variable approach. BMC Oral Health. 2014;14:19. doi:
10.1186/1472-6831-14-19.
31. Olak J, Saag M, Honkala S, Nõmmela R, Runnel R, Honkala
E, et al. Children’s dental fear in relation to dental health and
parental dental fear. Stomatologija. 2013;15(1):26-31.
)