@article { author = {Enhesari, A and Shokoohi, M and Parsa, M and Eftekhari, N and Yousefzadeh, G}, title = {Comparing Carotid Intima-Media Thicknessin Women with and Without Gestational Diabetes Mellitus}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {180-187}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Women with history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at risk for developing cardiovascular disease and metabolic syndrome. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) is noninvasive marker of sub clinical atherosclerosis assessment. The aim of the present study was to assess relationship between GDM and increased CIMT. Methods: Twenty women with previous history of GDM and twenty women without it (as a control group) were included in the study. Two groups were matched based on their age, body mass index (BMI) and parity. CIMT was measured one year after delivery in two groups by B-mode sonography and compared with ultrasonic results of CIMT in mid- and late-gestational periods. Results: CIMT in both groups increased in gestational period and decreased after delivery and this diminution was significant at late-gestational period in both groups and also significant at mid-gestational period in women with history of GDM. Conclusion: CIMT wassignificantly decreased one year after delivery in women with GDM}, keywords = {Carotid intima_media thickness,Gestational diabetes mellitus,Ultrasonography}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16235.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16235_9fcad2b7d2f212e0c74b84e2105bd1e4.pdf} } @article { author = {Sedighi, B and Shafa, M.A and Taher-Ghayeni, M and Estilaee, F}, title = {The Difference of Psychopathology in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis with and without Substance Abuse}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {188-198}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Substance abuse may have different effects on multiple sclerosis. Till now, studies on substance abuse and its correlation with psychopathology, type and severity of multiple sclerosis are limited. We conducted this study to evaluate the psychopathology of patients with multiple sclerosis with and without substance abuse. Methods: In this case-control, cross-sectional study performed in 2012, 125 patients with multiple sclerosis in Kerman were enrolled. From all, 100 patients did not have substance abuse and 25 ones had substance abuse. In each group, the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III) test was done by patient and the patients’ Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were determined. We used DSM IVTR criteria to diagnose substance abuse. Results: The frequency of obsessive convulsive disorder (OCD) was significantly higher in patients without substance abuse and paranoia, delusional, and sadistic were significantly higher in substance abuse group (P<0.05). The achieved Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) was significantly higher in substance abusers. Also, the type of multiple sclerosis was different between the two groups. The relapsing-remitting type was higher in the group without substance abuse and the progressive-relapsing type was higher in the group with substance abuse. Conclusion: Psychiatric disorders were seen in both groups. Substance abuse had correlation with psychopathology, type and severity of multiple sclerosis.}, keywords = {Multiple Sclerosis (MS),Substance abuse,Psychiatric disorders,Psychiatric characteristic,Kerman,Iran}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16252.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16252_c3b694b79839cb37108b264e147ffd28.pdf} } @article { author = {Naderi, T and Barkhordari, A}, title = {The Effect of Maternal Anemia and Umbilical Cord Cortisol Level on Birth Weight and Length}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {199-206}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Maternal anemia in pregnancy is a considerable risk factor for both mother and fetus. Growth retardation, intra uterine fetal death, maternal cardiovascular symptoms and reduction in blood supply are among outcomes of maternal anemia. Since there are different reports about the relationship between low maternal hemoglobin level and low birght weight, the precent study was designed to determine the relationship of maternal iron deficiency in pregnancy and umbilical cord cortisol level with neonatal weight and length. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 500 pregnant women reffered for elective cesarean. At first, blood sample was taken for determining hemoglobin level. Then, in anemic ones (Hb<11), blood sample was taken to determin iron deficiency indices. After cesarean, blood sample was taken for determining the umbilical cord cortisol level. Data were analyzed through SPSS 20. Results: In mothers with normal hemoglobin, neonate’s weight and length were significantly higher (P=0.030, P=0.039). Umbilical cortisol level had a significant relationship with birth weight and length (P=0.001, P=0.001), but there was no significant correlation between maternal hemoglobin level and umbilical cord cortisol level. Conclusion: Maternal anemia changes the angiogenesis in placental vessels and causes growth retardation and pregnancy complications due to creating stress in mother and increasing CRH. The results of this study highlight the importance of maintaining the hemoglobin level in normal range with prescription of iron products in iron deficiency anemia and removing the risk factors of maternal hemoglobin increment. Due to the meaningful relation between umbilical cord cortisol with birth weight (direct relation) and length (indirect relation), more studies about the maternal anemia, maternal cortisol and another factors influencing on umbilical cord cortisol level are suggested.}, keywords = {Anemia,Hydrocortison,Pregnancy,Infant,Birth weight,Birth length}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16253.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16253_3f0fff4dccba76e360a0b5037231c916.pdf} } @article { author = {Alimohammadi, B and Azhdari-Zarmehri, H and Sofiabadi, M and Moslem, A.R}, title = {Anticonvulsant Effect of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Scrophularia Striata Boiss. on Pentylenetetrazol-Induced Seizure in Mice}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {207-218}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Epilepsy is a central nervous system disorder that appears as sudden convulsions, and transient, repetitive and unpredictable movment, with sensory-motor and autonomic sources. Nowadays, patients with epilepsy use various types of chemical drugs which turn out side effects and cause drug resistance in long-term use. Ease of using herbal plants and their public acceptance have provided them appropriate for pharmacological purposes. Scrophularia striata Boiss., plant grows in areas of Ilam in Iran, has been experimentally used in the treatment of various diseases. In this experiment, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract ofthis plant was studied on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Methods: 40 male mice (25-30 g) were randomly selected and divided into five groups of 8, including a control group (receiving saline and pentylenetetrazol) and 4 treatment groups (receiving the extract doses of 150, 300, 600, 900 mg/kg). 30 minutes after interaperitoneal administration of saline and extract, pentylenetetrazol (80 mg/kg) was injected. The mice were immediately transferred to a special cage and convulsive behaviors were recorded by a camera during the 20 minutes. Then, the different phases ofseizure were evaluated. Results: Extract injection in dose of 150 mg/kg had no significant effect on onset time of different levels of seizure. But, extract injection in doses of 300 and 600 and 900 mg/kg delayed the onset time of tonic, clonic and tonic-clonic seizures. The extract administration in all treatment doses also reduced duration time of tonic and tonic–clonic seizures and decreased the numbers of imbalances and fallings in different seizure phases. As well, the extract decreased mortality to zero. Conclusion: Our study indicated that the hydro-alcoholic extract of Scrophularia striata Boiss. has an appropriate anticonvulsant effect and it seems that the future studies are necessary to separate its ingredients and understand its mechanism of action.}, keywords = {Scrophularia striata Boiss,Anticonvulsant effect,Pentylenetetrazol,Seizure}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16254.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16254_5ae17d8f43ba1ef0b19bf86247d9c3a9.pdf} } @article { author = {Hamzei-Moghaddam, A and Shafa, M.A and Nazari, M and Akbari, M}, title = {The Effect of Priacetam in Aphasia due to Acute Brain Ischemic Stroke: Clinical trial}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {219-229}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Stroke incidence is 15 million people world wide annually and one third of these patients suffer from aphasia. Aphasia is often associated with significant disability in patients. Costs due to cerebrovascular diseases play an important role in national health expenditures. We aimed to assess the effect of piracetam in treatment of aphasia. Methods: Patients with acute ischemic stroke after completing informed consent form were divided randomly into two groups. The intervention group recieved standard treatment and 4800 mg piracetam daily for 12 weeks and the control group received standard treatment plus placebo. All patients on admission, and one, two, and three months post-stroke were evaluated using Nilipour Farsi aphasia test. Results: A total of 40 patients with stroke and mean age of 60.1 ± 17.2 years were assessed. Among them, the Broca aphasia had the most frequency and global and Wernicke aphasia had the least. The aphasia test showed significant difference between the intervention and control groups at the first and second months of follow-up; but the difference was not significant at the third month. Conclusion: Totally, piracetam does not affect the rate of recovery from aphasia, despite increasing patients' early recovery}, keywords = {Aphasia,Piracetam,Stroke}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16255.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16255_e6d56849bd79d08f0d8a23f747f41216.pdf} } @article { author = {Mobini, M and Rezazadeh, H and Shamsizadeh, A and Ehsani, V and Hakimizadeh, E and Amir-Esmaili, S and Allahtavakoli, M}, title = {Protective Effect of Delayed Ischemic Postconditioning on Embolic Stroke Complications in Female Rat}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {230-239}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Ischemic postconditioning, conducted by a series of brief occlusion and release of the bilateral common carotid arteries, has neuroprotective properties in permanent or transient models of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion but its delayed neuroprotective effects in the embolic model of stroke, especially in female rat, have not yet been reported and were investigated in the current study. Methods: In this experimental study, 24 female Wistar rats (200 to 250 g) were divided into three groups of sham, stroke and postconditioning. All animals were similar in reproductive cycle, and after that, stroke was induced by clot injection into the right middle cerebral artery. For postconditioning, common carotid arteries (CCA) were occluded for 30 seconds and reopened for 30 seconds, for 5 cycles. The postconditioning was induced at 6.5 hours after the stroke. Infarction volume, brain edema and neurological deficits were measured two days later. Results: Postconditioning at 6.5 hours after stroke decreased infarction volume (P< 0.001), brain edema (P<0.050) and norologic deficit (P<0.050) significantly compared to the stroke group. Conclusion: Late postconditioning improved ischemic injury, brain edema and neurological functions after the embolic model ofstroke in female rat.  }, keywords = {Brain ischemia,Ischemic postconditioning,Reperfusion,infarction,Neurological disorders}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16256.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16256_f747f7aa86fc78aed3c20d0a3431ee2f.pdf} } @article { author = {Boskabadi, H and Khodashenas, E}, title = {The Frequency and Characteristics of Hypothyroidism Jaundice in Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia; A Ten-Year Survey}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {240-246}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background & Aims: Congenital hypothyroidism is a serious disorder that could be treated if detected early. Jaundice is one of the symptoms of these neonates. However, the prevalence, clinical course and severity of jaundice are not yet well defined. We compared the clinical course and severity of jaundice in a case-controlstudy of congenital hypothyroidism and other neonates of unknown etiology who are yellow. Methods: The cross–sectional study was performed during 2002-2012 on 2780 four-day or older term neonates with jaundice. In addition to the usual procedures for diagnosis of jaundice, thyroid function was performed on 706 newborns referred to the neonatal or clinic part of Ghaem Hospital of Mashhad, Iran, and their thyroid function was evaluated. The clinical progress and severity of jaundice infected with hypothyroidism [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) ≥ 10 µu/ml or T4 less than 8 µg/dl] compared with infants with jaundice of unknown cause. Results: The neonates' mean age was 16.03 ± 8.80 and 8.60 ± 6.10 days (P = 0.001), age of onset of jaundice was 4.00 ± 1.60 and 2.68 ± 1.75 days (P = 0.008), total bilirubin was 15.70 ± 5.25 and 21.88 ± 5.10 mg/dl (P < 0.001), length of hospital stay was 0.80 ± 1.11 and 3.37 ± 1.71 days (P < 0.001), age of the jaundice improving was 21.00 ± 15.23 and 49.40 ± 14.60 days (P = 0.080), T4 level was 5.80 ± 2.70 and 9.63 ± 2.26 µg/dl and TSH level was 22.56 ± 1.80 and 3.31 ± 1.69 µu/ml in groups of case and control, respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, in infants presenting with jaundice, after the second week of life, evaluation of hypothyroid may be recommended.}, keywords = {Hypothyroidism,jaundice,neonate,bilirubin}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16257.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16257_a6ab2632b9e08df80672a9245fcbfdff.pdf} } @article { author = {Aflatoonian, M.R and Sharifi, I and Aflatoonian, B}, title = {The Effects of Prevention Knowledge Compared to the Improvement of Housing Conditionsin Control of Anthroponotic Cutaneous Leishmaniasis: a Natural Experience of Earthquake in Bam/Iran}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {247-258}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Background and Aims: There are still many unknowns about prevention and control of Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). Bam district is one of the old foci of CL. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of knowledge of prevention and improving housing, conditions in control of ACL based on a natural experience of earthquack, in Bam city. Methods: This comparative – analytical study was carried out in two time periods of before and after the 2003 bam Earthquake. Sampling was performed through random cluster method from the CL high risk areas within the city of Bam. The selected houses were actively visited in a similar manner and data about houses, hygienic conditions and the history of CL infection in the last three years were recorded. Data were analyzed through SPSS software and using t, Chi-Square and regression tests. Results: Both knowledge of CL prevention and housing, conditions were significantly better (p<0.0001) after the 2003 earthquake than before the earthquake. While the knowledge of CL prevention alone had no direct effect on the incidence rate of disease during both two time periods, improvement of housing, conditions was effective in decreasing the incidence rate significantly (p<0.0001). The household heads of houses with better living conditions indicated a high knowledge of prevention (r= 0.7, p<0.001). Conclusion: As it was seen, the earthquake has caused basic changes in hygienic conditions of houses and promotion of knowledge of CL prevention. Therefore, consequenthy improvement of housing, conditions directly and improvement of prevention knowledge indirectly decreased the incidence rate of CL. Therefore, for control and elimination of ACL, in addition to the early treatment, improvement of housing conditions is highly important.}, keywords = {prevention knowledge,Improvement of houses,Anthroponotic cutaneous leshmaniasis,natural experiences,Bam City}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16258.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16258_6ee2060a3a05195e45eab607ec42f9a1.pdf} } @article { author = {Ayatollahi, J and Ayatollahi, A and Ayatollahi, J. and Zare Dehabadi, H.A}, title = {External Ophthalmomyiasis in Yazd/Iran: report of four cases}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {21}, number = {3}, pages = {259-264}, year = {2014}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Myiasis of different organs has been reported from various regions in the world. Infection of the eye might appear as eyelids problems or conjunctiva (ophthalmomyiasis externa), or the larvae may invade into the eye (ophthalmomyiasis interna). We report 4 human cases of external ophthalmic myasis from Yazd province, in central region of Iran. All of them referred with symptoms of acute conjunctivitis. Mean age of patients was 34 years. All of them were male and from rural areas. Multiple larvae were observed over the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea. After removing larva, symptoms relieved within a few hours. The organisms were identified as Oestrus ovis}, keywords = {myiasis,Eye Infections,Larva,Diptera,Iran}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16259.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_16259_e64faea3efb6f618238048d64d89b538.pdf} }