@article { author = {Rashidfarokhi, F and Majdzadeh, N and Dehghani, M}, title = {The Evaluation of Dietary Protein Intake by Calculation of Urea Generation Rate in Chronic Dialysis Patients in Kerman, 2002}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {188-196}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Malnutrition is a common problem in chronic dialysis patients. There are several methods for nutritional assessment of hemodialysis patients, such as calculation of urea generation rate. As urea is produced from proteins catabolism and there is a linear correlation between urea generation and protein catabolic rate (PCR), PCR can be calculated by considering urea nitrogen appearence during the interdialytic interval. In a neutral nitrogen balance dietary protein intake and PCR are approximatly equal. The present study was done on 44 choronic dialysis patients in Kerman/Iran. Clinical data were collected during two consecutive dialysis sessions. PCR was calculated by using urea nitrogen appearence between two dialysis sessions and dialysis interval. The mean±SD PCR was 0.97±0.85 gr/kg/day. Based on the results, in 54% of these patients PCR was lower than 1gr/kg/day so they had severe malnutrition. The relationships of PCR and age, education, renal failure's etiology and serum albumin were not significant. The mean PCR of females was significantly lower than that of males (P<0.05). There was a significant inverse correlation between PCR and duration of conservative manangement with hemodialysis (P<0.05). The relationship of PCR and dialysis frequency was also significant (P<0.05). The mean dialysis adequacy was 0.58±0.35 (Mean±SD), while in several studies the dialysis adequacy of greater than 1.2 has been suggested as optimal. There was a strong correlation between dialysis adequacy and PCR (P<0.05). Considering the PCR of 1-1.2 g/kg/24h as the optimale rate for hemodialysis patients, our subjects suffered from malnutrition. Malnutrition was more common in females and in patients with longer duration of conservative management with hemodialysis. In this study the values of PCR and serum Albumin were not the same for the evaluation of nutrtional status. Inadequate hemodialysis was the most important cause of malnutrition in our hemodialysis patients. So improvement in dialysis adequacy can improve anorexia and nutritonal status and decrease the rate of mortality in these patients.}, keywords = {Hemodialysis,Malnutrition,Urea generation rate,Protein catabolic rate,Chronic renal failure,Dietary protien intake,nutrtional status}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32752.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32752_654c780b422483eae214cc4e0da20692.pdf} } @article { author = {Najafipour, H and Niyazmand, S}, title = {The Effect of Chronic Inflammation on Knee Joint Vascular β-adrenoceptors in Rabbit}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {197-205}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {It has been shown that inflammation reduces the effectiveness of sympathetic nerves in the regulation of knee joint blood flow, and the joint vascular- ß adrenoceptors are changed due to acute inflammation from a majority of ß-1 to an equality of ß-1 and ß-2 receptors.. To investigate the role of sympathetic nerves in nerve induced vasoconstriction and changes in joint vascular ß-adrenoceptors due to chronic inflammation, in 21 NZW rabbits, chronic inflammation of the knee joint was induced by Antigen induced arthrtis method. In experiment day animals were anesthetized and the caudal femoral artery, a branch of tibial artery, was cannulated to inject the ß -agonists intra-arterially close to the joint. Posterior articular nerve (PAN) was dissected free for electrical stimulation. Electrical stimulation of PAN resulted in 18.1 ± 6.2% reduction of blood flow measured by laser Doppler flowmetry technique. Phentolamine completely blocked the constrictor response and reversed it to vasodilation (+8± 2.2 %).Propranolol (nonselective ß–adrenoceptor antagonist) completely blocked this vasodilation response and reverse it to a vasoconstriction. Atenolol ( ß1 antagonist) nonsignificantly reduced the dilator response but ICI 118551 ( ß2 antagonist ) reduced 50% of this response. Close intra-arterial injection of different doses of ß-agonists, Isoprenaline (nonselective ß agonist ), Dobutamine (ß1 agonist ) and Salbutamol (ß2 agonist) increased the joint blood flow by the potency rank order of “ Isoprenaline > Salbutamole >Dobutamine” .The isoprenaline dose response curve was shifted to the right by ß adrenoceptor antagonists by the potency rank order of propranolol> ICI> atenolol. Overall this study showed that ß2-adrenoceptor response is stronger and suggested that the shift from ß1- to ß2-adrenoceptor subtype started by acute inflammation continued in chronic inflammation and the sympathetic vasoconstrictor response was nearly recovered toward normal compared to acute inflammation.}, keywords = {chronic inflammation,ß –adrenoceptors,Blood vessels,Knee joint,Rabbit}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32753.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32753_196425db3a7beb1132d99238737c3dc0.pdf} } @article { author = {Abolhassani, M and Chiao, J.W}, title = {Inhibition of Immune System by an Immunosuppressive Factor from a Human Prostatic Carcinoma Cell Line (JCA-1)}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {206-211}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Prostatic carcinoma is the most commonly diagnosed tumor among men over 40 which results in over 30,000 deaths each year in the United States. Previous studies indicated that tumor cell lines produce and release several growth regulatory factors into their condition media and so far a number of human tumor cell-derived suppressor factors have been isolated that affect normal immune functions. In this report, an immunosuppressive factor is identified from the supernatant of an androgen-dependent human prostatic carcinoma cell line (JCA-1). This factor is constitutively produced by JCA-1 cells and is able to suppress normal human peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation irreversibly and in a dose-dependent manner. The immunosuppressive factor was semi-purified by a combination of ion-exchange chromatography on DEAESepharose and gel filtration (Sephacryl S-200) with an apparent molecular weight of 40-55 kDa. The immunosuppressive factor was not cytolytic to lymphocytes and was sensitive to 56°C, reducing agent as well as to proteinase digestion. Cell cycle analysis revealed that the immunosuppressive factor does not induce apoptosis, but is able to prevent G1 lymphocytes from entering into the S phase of the cell cycle. Further biochemical purification and immunological studies are needed to determine the importance of this factor and its relationship to the immune system.}, keywords = {Prostate cell line,JCA-1,Immunosuppressive factor,Lymphocyte antiproliferative factor}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32754.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32754_9524b99ee690823415f6977cd860ae4b.pdf} } @article { author = {Rezvanipour, M and Safari, T and Abasnejad, M}, title = {A Study on the Effect of Intracuneiformis Nucleus Microinjection of GABAA Receptor Agonist and Antagonist on Antinociceptive Effects of Morphine by Formalin Test in Rat}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {212-218}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {In the present study, the effects of intracuneiformis nucleus microinjection of gamma-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor agonist and antagonist on antinociception inducced by morphine were investigated with formalin test in rat. Intracuneiformis nucleus microinjection of morphine (10µgr/rat) and Bicuculline (50, 100 ng/rat) induced antinociception in the both first and second phases of formalin test. Muscimol (25,50,100 ngr/rat ) produced antinociception only in the second phase of formalin test. Morphine in combination with muscimol but not with bicuculline elicited potentiation. The responses induced by muscimol were not affected by bicuculline. The opioid receptor antagonist (naloxone) did not reduce the response induced by muscimol in the both first and second phases of formalin test. It may be concluded that central GABAA receptor stimulation induced antinociception in formalin test. However, the antinociception induced by GABAA receptor agonist may be partly mediated through nucleus cuneiformis opioid receptor mechanisms. The apparent antinociceptive effects of muscimol may be due to its leakage to rostal portion of Cnf and reduction in motion activity, so have no relation to its real antinociceptive effects.}, keywords = {Cuneiformis nucleus,Morphine,Muscimol,Bicuculline,Pain}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32755.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32755_089c73fa62127c4a8323033d52e7b878.pdf} } @article { author = {Jazani, N.H and Behzadiannejad, Gh and Shahabi, Sh.}, title = {Production and Investigation of the Effects of Polysaccharide-Protein Conjugate Vaccine in Prevention of Salmonella Typhimurium Infections in Mouse Model}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {219-227}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {S.typhimurium is a gram negative bacterium causing serious enteric or extraintestinal infections in human, cattle and birds. These kinds of infections may lead to some permanent or nonpermanent complications like endophthalmitis, Guillain-Barre syndrome and osteomyelitis . Multi-resistant strains of S.typhimurium have been reported from several countries, and these infections are a major public health problem throughout the world. The aim of the present study was to develop a conjugate vaccine for prevention of S.typhimurium infections. For this purpose, polysaccharide side chain was conjugated with tetanus toxoid by carbodiimid mediated amidation method. Immunodiffusion was performed in agarose gel. Four groups of BALB/c mice were selected and immunized with heat killed S.typhimurium, purified polysaccharide, polysaccharide side chain-tetanus toxoid conjugate and sterilized distilled water and the role of each antigen in protection against infection with pathogenic S.typhimurium were investigated. Animals were challenged by intraperitoneal injections. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) was determined on the 21st post challenge day by Reed and Muench method. Immunodiffusion results showed that the conjugate reacted with heat killed whole cell vaccine antiserum and tetanus toxoid antiserum. Three injections of conjugate caused protection against intraperitoneal challenge. In conjugate immunized group LD50 increased 15.4 and 11.11 fold in comparison to control group and polysaccharide side chain immunized group respectively. Results showed that polysaccharide side chain-tetanus toxoid conjugate injected in 3 doses is very protective in mice and can increase the LD50 of immunized animals significantly in comparison to both O antigen vaccinated and control groups.}, keywords = {S.typhimurium,Lipopolysaccharide,Conjugate Vaccine}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32756.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32756_971af08c9cb5677be63d99dda15c2e19.pdf} } @article { author = {Khatibi, H and Zare, HR}, title = {The Prophylactic Effect of Methyl Prednisolone Sodium Succinate against Fat Embolism in Long Bones Fractures}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {228-233}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {In this prospective study the effect of low dose methylprednisolone succinate (10mg/kg) on the incidence of fat embolism syndrome and isolated arterial hypoxemia in 99 patients with long bone fracture (52 control and 47 steroid-trated subjects) was studied. Frequency of fractures among the selected patients was as follows: femoral fracture 52.5%, tibial fracture 36.4%, both femoral and tibial fractures 11.1%.Fat embolism occurred only in four patients in control group, but there was no case of fat embolism in the steroid-treated group. In fifty five cases, isolated hypoxemia was developed of whom two cases were severe (pao2<50mmHg) and were in the control group, while there was no case of severe hypoxemia in steroidtreated group. None of the patients needed mechanical ventilation and no death was occurred. This drug decreased the risk of fat embolism syndrome in patients with long bone fracture and the results of this study, emphasizes the protective effect of methyl prednisolone against fat embolism syndrome reported in previous studies.}, keywords = {Methyl prednisolone succinate,Fat embolism syndrome,Long bone fracture}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32757.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32757_2e24b0bd2085f2f964c582187c89bf97.pdf} } @article { author = {Rayegan, S.P and Eftekharvaghefi, S.H}, title = {Determination of Laryngeal Dimensions in 50 Cadaver in Kerman}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {234-242}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Larynx is part of the upper respiratory tract composed of cartilaginous skeleton, muscles and mucus lining inside. This structure keeps larynx open for air passage and is one of the important factors in producing voice. A good knowledge of larynx dimensions is neccessary to obtain better results in the treatment of laryngeal disorders. The size of larynx and its dimensions are subject to sex, race and probably environmental factors variations. The present study was planned to measure the dimensions of larynx in Kermanian adult individuals. The larynx of 50 cadavers (38 male and 12 female, aged 18-55 years with mean of 38.6) were removed by routine autopsy 24-72 hours post mortem and were fixed in formaldehide 10% and geliserin 5% for 2-3 weeks. None of the cadavers showed histories or visible signs of laryngeal diseases. Anatomical preparations were performed with customary surgical tools and morphometric measurments carried out with a pair of compasses and a calliper rule. A total of 45 measurments such as the evaluation of the whole organ, identification of the internal and external diameters of the cricoid cartilage, height and length of the thyroid alae in different planes, angle of thyroid laminae and length of vocal cords were performed on each larynx. The mean and standard deviation for each index were calculated in both sexes. Statistical analysis showed that all dimensions except the angle between thyroid laminae are greater in male than female (P<0.05).}, keywords = {Larynx,Anatomy,morphometry}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32758.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32758_b8db5374a8a33ff03e157b0de225c9bf.pdf} } @article { author = {Rajabizadeh, A and Afsarinejad, MR}, title = {Evaluation of Knowledge and Attitude of Kerman Residents about the Usage of Bottled Water for Drinking and Cooking Purposes}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {243-250}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Use of bottled water for drinking and cooking purposes is common in many communities, particulary in places where there is no water of good quality. This type of water supply is an appropriate alternative in prevention of much investment in full- scaled water treatment and duall water distribution system. In Iran, where water is considered as a serious challenge, use of bottled water can be constructive. In this investigation a questionaire consisted of 17 questions was designed and distributed among different classes of kerman community (n= 500) selected by random cluster method in order to evaluate their level of knowledge and attitude about the usage of bottled water. According to the results 45% of the respondents had poor knowledge, 38.8% average, and only 16.2% had a high level of Knowledge about the usage of bottled water. Attitudes of the respondents to the use of botteled water were positive, but the market price of the available bottles as well as authorities’ motive for promoting the use of bottled water were questioned by the respondents. It is necessary to take proper measures in order to improve peoples’ level of knowledge in this respect, and to encourage people for using bottled water by lowering the price.}, keywords = {Bottled water,knowledge,Attitude,Drinking Water,Kerman}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32759.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32759_a413bb22500e581037702e5a55bc6d92.pdf} } @article { author = {Ebrahimi Nezhad, A and Malek Pour, A. R}, title = {Spinal Seeding of Cerebellar Pilocytic Astrocytoma and Spontaneous Regression of Tumor: a Case Report}, journal = {Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, volume = {11}, number = {2}, pages = {251-255}, year = {2005}, publisher = {Kerman University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1023-9510}, eissn = {2008-2843}, doi = {}, abstract = {Cerebellar pilocytic Astrocytoma is a benign tumor, acounts for 80% of all cerebellar Astrocytoma, and has a relatively good prognosis. This tumor usually presents with Ataxia and in the case of hydrocephaly with raised intracranial pressure signs such as headeach, and vomiting. Treatment of this tumor is complete resection and if hydrocephally is present V.P. shunt should be inserted. In the case of recurrence or tumor seeding radiotherapy is recommended. Seeding of cerbellar Astrocytoma has been reported rarerly. Spontaneous regression of chiasmatic pilocytic Astrocytoma associated with neurofibromatosis type I has been reported but Spontaneous regression of cerebellar Astrocytic tumor without neurofibromatosis has been reported very rarely in the literature. In this report a young patient with seeding of cerebellar Astrocytoma in the lumbosacral region with severe neurological deficit who has recovered spontaneously without any treatment is presented.. This case is intresting for both seeding and spontaneous regression of tumor.}, keywords = {Cerebellar Astrocytoma,seeding,spontaneous regression}, url = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32760.html}, eprint = {https://jkmu.kmu.ac.ir/article_32760_3f64f08f16128de3f0812400bf579d04.pdf} }