Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences

The Effect of Drinking Yoghurt Containing Free and Microencapsulated Probiotic Bacteria on Changes of the Population of These Bacteria in the Digestive System

Authors

Fatemeh Shahdadi 1
Habibollah Mirzaie 2
Mahdi Kashaninejad 2
Morteza Khomeiri 2
Aman Mohammad Ziaiifar 3
Ali Akbarian 4

1 Ph.D. Student in Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

2 Associate Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran

4 Department of Research and Development, Pegah Dairy Company, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
Background & Aims: Probiotic bacteria have beneficial effects on host's health. However, one of the most important reasons which affect the probiotic activity of a microorganism is its survival during the gut transit. Microencapsulation techniques could be applied to bacteria to improve this parameter. Methods: In this study, feces of 60 healthy volunteers were analyzed during 28-day test period to assess changes of probiotic bacteria. Participants were divided into equal 4 groups; group 1 did not receive probiotic drinking yoghurt (control); group 2 received probiotic drinking yoghurt containing free Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis, subspecies lactis; group 3 recieved the same strains microencapsulated with sodium alginate/resistant starch; and group 4 received probiotic drinking yoghurt containing microencapsulated probiotic bacteria with sodium alginate/chitosan. Results: A significant increase was recorded in the population of lactobacilli and bifidobacteria in the feces of participant in three groups at the end of the treatment compared with control group (P < 0.05 for all), confirming the ability of the 2 strains to colonize the human gut, either in a gastroprotected form or not. Participants treated with the microencapsulated bacteria reported more viability than those received not encapsulated strains. Feces of group 3 that received drinking yoghurt containing encapsulated probiotic bacteria with alginate/resistant starch had higher amount of probiotic bacterial populations, 1.3 ± 0.26 × 107 and 2.4 ± 0.37 × 109 cfu/g Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis subs lactis, respectively. Conclusion:Consumption of the drinking yoghurts containing probiotic bacteria increased the Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium animalis, subspecies lactis, contents of the feces and encapsulation process improved stability of probiotic bacteria

Keywords

Fecal analysis
Probiotic bacteria
Drinking yoghurt
Encapsulation
  1. Fabian E, Elmadfa I. Influence of daily consumption of probiotic and conventional yoghurt on the plasma lipid profile in young healthy women. Ann Nutr Metab 2006; 50(4): 387-93.
  2. Anal AK, Singh H. Recent advances in microencapsulation of probiotics for industrial applications and targeted delivery. Trends in Food Science & Technology 2007; 18(5): 240-51.
  3. Gong C, Zhang H, Wang X. Effect of shell materials on microstructure and properties of microencapsulated n-octadecane. Iranian Polymer Journal 2009; 18(6): 501-12.
  4. Mortazavian A, Razavi SH, Ehsani MR, Sohrabvandi S. Principles and methods of microencapsulation of probiotic microorganisms. Iranian Journal of Biotechnology 2007; 5(1): 1-18.
  5. Kailasapathy K. Microencapsulation of probiotic bacteria: technology and potential applications. Curr Issues Intest Microbiol 2002; 3(2): 39-48.
  6. Sultana K, Godward G, Reynolds N, Arumugaswamy R, Peiris P, Kailasapathy K. Encapsulation of probiotic bacteria with alginate-starch and evaluation of survival in simulated gastrointestinal conditions and in yoghurt. Int J Food Microbiol 2000; 62(1-2): 47-55.
  7. Smidsrod O, Skjak Brlk G. Alginate as immobilization matrix for cells. Trends in Biotechnology 1990; 8: 71-8.
  8. Homayouni A, Ehsani M, Yarmand MS, Razavi SH, Azizi A. Effect of microencapsulation and resistant starch on the probiotic survival and sensory properties of symbiotic ice cream. Food Chemistry 2008; 111(1): 50-5.
  9. Collins MD, Gibson GR. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics: approaches for modulating the microbial ecology of the gut. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69(5): 1052-7.
  10. El-Kholy AM, El-Shinawy SH, Meshref AMS, Korny AM. Screening of antagonistic activity of probiotic bacteria against some food-borne pathogens. Journal of Applied and Environmental Microbiology 2014; 2(2): 53-60.
  11. Shortt C. The probiotic century; historical and current perspectives. Trends Food Science and Technology 1999; 10(1): 411-7.
  12. Alander M, Mättö J, Kneifel W, Johansson M, Kögler B, Crittenden R, et al. Effect of galacto-oligosaccharide supplementation on human faecal microflora and on survival and persistence of Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 in the gastrointestinal tract. International Dairy Journal 2001; 11(10): 817-25.
  13. de Filippo C, Cavalieri D, di Paola M, Ramazzotti M, Poullet JB, Massart S, et al. Impact of diet in shaping gut microbiota revealed by a comparative study in children from Europe and rural Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107(33): 14691-6.
  14. McCartney AL, Wenzhi W, Tannock GW. Molecular analysis of the composition of the bifidobacterial and lactobacillus microflora of humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62(12): 4608-13.
  15. Tannock GW, Munro K, Harmsen HJ, Welling GW, Smart J, Gopal PK. Analysis of the fecal microflora of human subjects consuming a probiotic product containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus DR20. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66(6): 2578-88.
  16. Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhou J, Wadhwa SS. Drinking yoghurts with berry polyphenols added before and after fermentation. Food Control 2013; 32(2): 450-60.
  17. Laroia S, Martin JH. Methods for enumerating and propagating Bifidobacteria. Cultured Dairy Products Journal 1991; 26(1): 32-3.
  18. Del PM, Carmagnola S, Andorno S, Pagliarulo M, Tari R, Mogna L, et al. Evaluation of the intestinal colonization by microencapsulated probiotic bacteria in comparison with the same uncoated strains. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 44(Suppl 1): S42-S46.
  19. Palaria A, Johnson-Kanda I, O'Sullivan DJ. Effect of a synbiotic yogurt on levels of fecal bifidobacteria, clostridia, and enterobacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78(4): 933-40.
  20. Larsen CN, Nielsen S, Kaestel P, Brockmann E, Bennedsen M, Christensen HR, et al. Dose-response study of probiotic bacteria Bifidobacterium animalis subsp lactis BB-12 and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp paracasei CRL-341 in healthy young adults. Eur J Clin Nutr 2006; 60(11): 1284-93.
  21. Mättö J, Fondén R, Tolvanen T, von Wright A, Vilpponen-Salmela T, Satokari R, et al. Intestinal survival and persistence of probiotic Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains administered in triple-strain yoghurt. International Dairy Journal 2006; 16(10): 1174-80.
  22. Lourens-Hattingh A, Viljoen BC. Yogurt as probiotic carrier food. International Dairy Journal 2001; 11(1-2): 1-17.
  23. Wang L, Zhang J, Guo Z, Kwok L, Ma C, Zhang W, et al. Effect of oral consumption of probiotic Lactobacillus planatarum P-8 on fecal microbiota, SIgA, SCFAs, and TBAs of adults of different ages. Nutrition 2014; 30(7-8): 776-83.
  24. Liu Z, Xu Z, Han M, Guo BH. Efficacy of pasteurised yoghurt in improving chronic constipation: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. International Dairy Journal 2015; 40: 1-5.


Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume 22, Issue 5
2015
Pages 592-601

Home

Editorial Board

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Guide for Reviewers

Contact Us