Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Comparison of Perceived Stress on the Basis of Controlling Self-efficacy and Self-esteem among Athlete and Non-athlete Staff

Authors

Mojtaba Amanollahnejad-Kalkhoran 1
Seyed Mohammad Kazem Vaezmousavi 2
Kiumars Beshlideh 3

1 Ph.D. Student of Sport Psychology, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Imam Reza International University, Mashhad, Iran

2 Professor, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Human Sciences, Imam Hossein Comprehensive University, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Human Sciences and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran

Abstract
Background and Aims: Present study aimed to compare the individual psychological antecedents of perceived stress (self-efficacy and self-esteem) among the athlete and non-athlete staff in an industrial company. Methods: Statistical society was all persons employed in the company including managers, supervisors, experts and workers; 192 athletes and 208 non-athletes were selected randomly. Data was collected using three questionnaires including perceived stress, overall self-efficacy, and self-esteem. Results: Although findings of ANOVA test showed that the condition of perceived stress in athlete employees was better than non-athletes, after controlling the impacts of self-efficacy and self-esteem, the results of ANCOVA test revealed that the difference of perceived stress between these two groups was not significant. Conclusion: The findings of this research suggest that the exercise can lead to gaining perceived strss to an optimized level (positive stress) mainly by improving valuable beliefs and promoting self-efficacy in individuals. The study extends the models of perceived stress literature and offers managerial, educational and practical suggestions for practitioners working about staff or employees exercise.

Keywords

Perceived stress
Athlete staff
Non-athlete staff
self-efficacy
Self-esteem
  1. Hajiamini Z, Cheraghalipour Z, Azad Marzabadi E, Ebadi A, NorouziKoushali A. Comparison of job stress in military and non-military drivers in Tehran city. J Mil Med 2011; 13(1): 25-30. [In Persian].
  2. Shokouhi L, Khalatbari J, Rezabakhsh H. Perceived stress among university students with various attribution styles. Journal of Modern Thoughts in Education 2010; 5(4): 107-30. [In Persian].
  3. Kimbrley C. The relationship of perceived stress and self -efficacy among correctional employees in close -security and medium -security -level institutions [Thesis]. Minneapolis, MN: Walden University 2010.
  4. Klassen RM, Chiu MM. The occupational commitment and intention to quit of practicing and pre-service teachers: Influence of self-efficacy, job stress, and teaching context. Contemporary Educational Psychology 2011; 36(2): 114-29.
  5. Moore T. The relationship between exercise and job related outcomes [Thesis]. California, CA: Trident University 2010.
  6. Judge TA, Bono JE. Relationship of core self-evaluations traits--self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, locus of control, and emotional stability--with job satisfaction and job performance: a meta-analysis. J ApplPsychol 2001; 86(1): 80-92.
  7. Conn VS, Hafdahl AR, Cooper PS, Brown LM, Lusk SL. Meta-analysis of workplace physical activity interventions. Am J Prev Med 2009; 37(4): 330-9.
  8. Shi L, Singh DA. The nation's health. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning; 2008.
  9. Coulson JC, McKenna J, Field M. Exercising at work and self-reported work performance. Journal of Workplace Health Management 2008; 1(3): 176-97.
  10. Ridenour N. Mental health in the United States: a fifty year history. London, UK: Published for the Commonwealth Fund by Harvard University Press; 1961.
  11. Johnston CA, Moreno JP, Regas K, Tyler C, Foreyt JP. The application of the Yerkes-Dodson law in a childhood weight management program: examining weight dissatisfaction. J Pediatr Psychol 2012; 37(6): 674-9.
  12. French J, Caplan R, van Harrison R. The mechanisms of job stress and strain. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons; 1982.
  13. Mark G, Smith A. Stress Models: A review and suggested new direction. In: Houdmont J, Leka S, Editors. Occupational health psychology. New York, NY: Springer Publications; 2008.
  14. Jalai Job stress [Online]. [cited 2010]; Available from: URL: www.jalali-hse.blogfa.com [In Persian].
  15. Lazarus RS, Folkman S. Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Company; 1984.
  16. Thøgersen-Ntoumani C, Fox KR, Ntoumanis N. Relationships between exercise and three components of mental well-being in corporate employees. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2005; 6(6): 609-27.
  17. Khajeie R. An investigation about the impact of exercise and physical activity on the self- esteem of non-athlete male students of Guilan University [Thesis]. Gilan, Iran: University of Gilan 1999. [In Persian].
  18. Razavi M. The effects of physical education on physical-mental pressures of working women and presenting a model for better exercise. Olympic; 22(4): 85-94. [In Persian].
  19. Trinity J. Effects of mood, body satisfaction, physical self-concept, and exercise self-efficacy on daily physical activity of high school students [Thesis]. Minneapolis, MN: Walden University 2012.
  20. Bailey R. Do sports and other physical activities build self-esteem? [Online]. [cited 2014 Aug 7]; Available from: URL: https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/smart-moves/201408/do-sports-and-other-physical-activities-build-self-esteem
  21. Park SH, Han KS, Kang CB. Effects of exercise programs on depressive symptoms, quality of life, and self-esteem in older people: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Appl Nurs Res 2014; 27(4): 219-26.
  22. Rangriz H, Khaksar M. The evaluating of employees self-efficacy and job stress in the Isfahan Zobahan Company. International SAMANM Journal of Marketing and Management 2013; 1(1): 34-43.
  23. Klassen RM, Durksen TL. Weekly self-efficacy and work stress during the teaching practicum: A mixed methods study. Learning and Instruction 2014; 33: 158-69.
  24. Coetzee M, Potgieter IL. Mediating effect of self-esteem on the career selfmanagement and career resilience of early-career staff in the business management field. Southern African Business Review 2014; 18(2): 65-82.
  25. Prochaska JO, Velicer WF. The transtheoretical model of health behavior change. Am J Health Promot 1997; 12(1): 38-48.
  26. Behruozi N, Shahni M, Pourseyed M. Relationship between perfectionism, perceived stress and social support with academic burnout. Strategy for Culture 2012; 5(20): 83-102. [In Persian].
  27. Schwarzer R, Schmitz GS, Tang C. Teacher Burnout in Hong Kong and Germany: A cross-cultural validation of the Maslach Burnout inventory. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal 2000; 13(3): 309-26.
  28. Gholami S, Hosseinchari M. Predicting the happiness of students with regard to their perception about the teacher's exceptions, interaction method and self-efficacy. Studies in Learning and Instruction 2011; 3(1): 83-109. [In Persian].
  29. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press; 1965.
  30. Gentile B, Twenge J, Campbell W. Birth cohort differences in self-esteem, 1988–2008: A cross-temporal meta-analysis. Review of General Psychology 2010; 14(3): 261-8.
  31. Ghafuri M, Khaksar S, Naami A. Relation of job locus of control, self-efficacy and self-esteem with organizational citizenship behaviors (intended to both organization and co-workers). Proceedings of the 2nd Biennial Conference of Industrial and Organizational Psychology; 2011 Feb 22-23; Isfahan, Iran. [In Persian].
  32. Ahmadi H, Poorsharifi H. The role of news source on individuals persuasion with moderation of attitude to news source, gender and self-esteem. Strategy for Culture 2013; 2(3): 7-18. [In Persian].
  33. Rajabi GH, Bohlol N. Assessment of the reliability and validity of Rosenberg's Self-esteem scale in the first year students of Shahid Chamran University. Journal of Faculty of Education and Psychology 2007; 3(2): 33-48. [In Persian].
  34. Mousavi J, Mozafari AA. The comparison of job stress in the athlete and non-athlete employees of Islamic Azad University of 3 Region of Iran. Journal of Movement Science and Sports 2007; 5(9): 59-70. [In Persian].
  35. MoradiAbbasabadi M, Goudarzi M, Farahani A. Comparison of job burnout level among athletic and non-athletic employees of Damavand government offices. Intl J Sport Std 2013; 3(5): 526-32.
  36. Gholipour A, Ashraf Khazayee A, Bayat Z. The comparison of quality of life of athlete and non-athelete employees in Ilam province. Proceedings of the 1st National Conference on New Scientific Achievements in the Development of Sport and Physical; 2011 Dec 14; Gorgan, Iran. [In Persian].
  37. Beyrouti, N, Jaber W. Physical exercise / fitness: job satisfaction and work porductivity (the case of Lebanon). International Journal of Strategic Management 2011; 11(1).
  38. Nicholson S, Sniehotta FF, van Wijck F, Greig CA, Johnston M, McMurdo ME, et al. A systematic review of perceived barriers and motivators to physical activity after stroke. Int J Stroke 2013; 8(5): 357-64.


Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume 23, Issue 2
2016
Pages 204-216

Home

Editorial Board

Guide for Authors

Submit Manuscript

Guide for Reviewers

Contact Us