Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Author

Author Index

Keyword Index

About Journal

Aims and Scope

JKMU Ethical Policies

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

News

Metric

Editorial Policies

Data Sharing Policy

The Effect of Controlled Diabetic and Non-diabetic Saliva on Candida albicans Adherence to Heat Polymerized Acrylic Resin Discs

Document Type : Short Communication

Authors

1 Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

3 Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran

4 Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran

Abstract

Background: Oral candidiasis is one of the most common infections in diabetic patients that may occur due to a decrease in salivary flow rate, alterations in the salivary composition, or both. This study aimed to investigate the effect of diabetic and non-diabetic saliva on Candida albicans adherence to the acrylic resin disc specimens, regardless of saliva volume.
Methods: In this case-control study, the population consisted of 26 subjects in 2 groups (13 diabetic patients and 13 non-diabetic patients). In both groups, unstimulated whole saliva was collected. It was investigated for pH, salivary flow rate, and adhesion of C. albicans to polymethylmethacrylate disc. After preparing the polymethylmethacrylate discs, the samples were stored in diabetic saliva, non-diabetic saliva, and distilled water (negative control group) for 60 minutes at 37oC. Then they were immersed in the yeast suspensions containing C. albicans and stained with gram stain. Yeast cells were counted using a light microscope.
Results: The pH of unstimulated whole saliva in diabetic patients was significantly lower than in the control group. There was no significant difference between the flow rates of saliva in the two groups. Findings indicated that the adhesion of C. albicans to resin in diabetic saliva was higher than in non-diabetic saliva.
Conclusion: This study showed the same amount of salivary flow rate in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals, lower pH, and higher Candida adherence to heat polymerization acrylic resin in the diabetic group.

Keywords

References
  1. Fenn SM, Narayanan M, Jacob M. Prevalence of oral Candida in saliva of uncontrolled and controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus patients–beyond reasonable doubt? SRM J Res Dent Sci. 2019;10(1):1-6.
  2. Talebian A, Borhani F, Okhovati M. A grounded theory study on health information seeking behavior of Iranian diabetic patients. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2021;28(1):10-20. doi: 10.22062/jkmu.2021.91560.
  3. Gupta A, Singh SK, Padmavathi BN, Rajan SY, Mamatha GP, Kumar S, et al. Evaluation of correlation of blood glucose and salivary glucose level in known diabetic patients. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9(5):ZC106-9. doi: 10.7860/ jcdr/2015/12398.5994.
  4. Martorano-Fernandes L, Dornelas-Figueira LM, MarcelloMachado RM, de Brito Silva R, Magno MB, Maia LC, et al. Oral candidiasis and denture stomatitis in diabetic patients: systematic review and meta-analysis. Braz Oral Res. 2020;34:e113. doi: 10.1590/1807-3107bor-2020. vol34.0113.
  5. Paranhos HF, Silva-Lovato CH, Souza RF, Cruz PC, Freitas KM, Peracini A. Effects of mechanical and chemical methods on denture biofilm accumulation. J Oral Rehabil. 2007;34(8):606-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.2007.01753.x.
  6. Babatzia A, Papaioannou W, Stavropoulou A, Pandis N, Kanaka-Gantenbein C, Papagiannoulis L, et al. Clinical and microbial oral health status in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Int Dent J. 2020;70(2):136-44. doi: 10.1111/idj.12530.
  7. Bhatt L, Awasthi TR, Bhatt LR. Prevalence of oral candidiasis by Candida albicans in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus visiting Mahakali Zonal Hospital. Res Rev J Microbiol Virol. 2020;10(1):1-5.
  8. Yar Ahmadi S, Khosravi A, Larijani B, Baiat M, Mahmoudi M, Baradar Jalili R. Assessment of the fungal flora and the prevalence of fungal infections in the mouth of diabetics. Iran J Endocrinol Metab. 2002;4(2):105-9. [Persian].
  9. Ebrahimi Saravi M, Zomorodian K, Vojdani M, Sattari M. Comparison of candidal and bacterial adherence to denture base acrylic resins. J Iran Dent Assoc. 2013;25(3):169-74.
  10. Lima DLF, Saintrain MVL, Neri JR, Beck O, Malet P, Moizan JAH, et al. Oral health complications in Brazilian and French diabetic older people: a comparative study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2019;84:103905. doi: 10.1016/j. archger.2019.103905.
  11. Matić-Petrović S, Barać M, Kuzmanović-Pfićer J, Radunović M, Jotić A, Pucar A. Presence of different Candida species at denture wearers with type 2 diabetes and clinically healthy oral mucosa: pilot study. Balkan J Dent Med. 2018;22(1):15- 21. doi: 10.2478/bjdm-2018-0003.
  12. Aslanimehr M, Rezvani S, Mahmoudi A, Moosavi N. Comparison of Candida albicans adherence to conventional acrylic denture base materials and injection molding acrylic materials. J Dent (Shiraz). 2017;18(1):61-4.
  13. Lynge Pedersen AM, Belstrøm D. The role of natural salivary defences in maintaining a healthy oral microbiota. J Dent. 2019;80 Suppl 1:S3-s12. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.08.010.
  14. Malicka B, Kaczmarek U, Skośkiewicz-Malinowska K. Prevalence of xerostomia and the salivary flow rate in diabetic patients. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2014;23(2):225-33. doi: 10.17219/acem/37067.
  15. Carramolino-Cuéllar E, Lauritano D, Silvestre FJ, Carinci F, Lucchese A, Silvestre-Rangil J. Salivary flow and xerostomia in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Oral Pathol Med. 2018;47(5):526-30. doi: 10.1111/jop.12712.
  16. Ladgotra A, Verma P, Raj SS. Estimation of salivary and serum biomarkers in diabetic and non diabetic patients-a comparative study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(6):ZC56-61. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2016/19135.7995.
  17. Abd-Elraheem SE, El Saeed AM, Mansour HH. Salivary changes in type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2017;11 Suppl 2:S637-S41. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2017.04.018.
  18. Singh S, Singh S. Effect of cevimeline and pilocarpine on production of saliva: a crossover study. JK Pract. 2019;24(1-2).
  19. Ghazal ARA, Idris G, Hajeer MY, Alawer K, Cannon RD. Efficacy of removing Candida albicans from orthodontic acrylic bases: an in vitro study. BMC Oral Health. 2019;19(1):71. doi: 10.1186/s12903-019-0765-x.
  20. Zamperini CA, Schiavinato PC, Machado AL, Giampaolo ET, Pavarina AC, Vergani CE. Effect of different periods of preconditioning with saliva on Candida albicans adhesion to a denture base resin by crystal violet staining and XTT assay. J Investig Clin Dent. 2010;1(2):114-9. doi: 10.1111/j.2041- 1626.2010.00013.x.
  21. Pereira-Cenci T, Cury AA, Cenci MS, Rodrigues-Garcia RC. In vitro Candida colonization on acrylic resins and denture liners: influence of surface free energy, roughness, saliva, and adhering bacteria. Int J Prosthodont. 2007;20(3):308-10.
  22. Oncul B, Karakis D, Doğruman Al F. The effect of two artificial salivas on the adhesion of Candida albicans to heatpolymerized acrylic resin. J Adv Prosthodont. 2015;7(2):93-7. doi: 10.4047/jap.2015.7.2.93.
  23. Abdolsamadi H, Mortazavi H, Ahmadi-Motemayel F, Hasani M. Salivary flow rate and alpha amylase levels in type II diabetic patients vs. healthy subjuects. J Res Dent Sci. 2012;9(2):87-92. [Persian].
  24. Hoseini A, Mirzapour A, Bijani A, Shirzad A. Salivary flow rate and xerostomia in patients with type I and II diabetes mellitus. Electron Physician. 2017;9(9):5244-9. doi: 10.19082/5244.
  25. López-Pintor RM, Casañas E, González-Serrano J, Serrano J, Ramírez L, de Arriba L, et al. Xerostomia, hyposalivation, and salivary flow in diabetes patients. J Diabetes Res. 2016;2016:4372852. doi: 10.1155/2016/4372852.
  26. Prathibha K, Johnson P, Ganesh M, Subhashini AS. Evaluation of salivary profile among adult type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in South India. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(8):1592-5. doi: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5749.3232.
  27. Aydin S. A comparison of ghrelin, glucose, alpha-amylase and protein levels in saliva from diabetics. J Biochem Mol Biol. 2007;40(1):29-35. doi: 10.5483/bmbrep.2007.40.1.029.
  28. Panchbhai AS, Degwekar SS, Bhowte RR. Estimation of salivary glucose, salivary amylase, salivary total protein and salivary flow rate in diabetics in India. J Oral Sci. 2010;52(3):359-68. doi: 10.2334/josnusd.52.359.
  29. Navazesh M. Methods for collecting saliva. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1993;694:72-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb18343.x.
  30. Owlia F, Akhavan Karbassi M, Ahadian H, Kazemeiny K. Comparison of salivary pH in diabetic patients referring to diabetes center of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences with non-diabetic controls. J Shahid Sadoughi Univ Med Sci. 2012;20(1):82-9. [Persian].
  31. Seethalakshmi C, Reddy RC, Asifa N, Prabhu S. Correlation of salivary pH, incidence of dental caries and periodontal status in diabetes mellitus patients: a cross-sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016;10(3):ZC12-4. doi: 10.7860/ jcdr/2016/16310.7351.
  32. Mohiti A, Ghadiri-Anari A, Entezary F. Comparison of pH and viscosity of unstimulated saliva in type 2 diabetic patients and control group. J Dent Sch Shahid Beheshti Univ Med Sci. 2017;35(3):89-92.
  33. Young B, Jose A, Cameron D, McCord F, Murray C, Bagg J, et al. Attachment of Candida albicans to denture base acrylic resin processed by three different methods. Int J Prosthodont. 2009;22(5):488-9.
  34. Sreedevi, Shashikanth M, Shambulingappa P. Comparison of serum glucose and salivary glucose in diabetic patients. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2008;20(1):9-13. doi: 10.4103/0972-1363.44354.
  35. Lotfi-Kamran MH, Jafari AA, Falah-Tafti A, Tavakoli E, Falahzadeh MH. Candida colonization on the denture of diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 2009;6(1):23-7.
  36. Ashraf M, Ali M, Gaur A, Rajani M, Verma AK, Katiyar P, et al. A comparative study of time dependent candidal colonisation in diabetic and non-diabetic complete denture patients. J Adv Med Med Res. 2018;27(6):1-8. doi: 10.9734/ jammr/2018/43719.
  37. Boparai NK, Amasi UN, Patil R, Harakuni SU. To assess candidal colonization and species diversity in the oral cavity of diabetic and nondiabetic denture wearers and correlation with the presence of Candida on finger tips of the patients: an in vivo study. Indian J Health Sci Biomed Res. 2014;7(1):45- 51. doi: 10.4103/2349-5006.135041.
  38. Sanitá PV, Pavarina AC, Giampaolo ET, Silva MM, Mima EG, Ribeiro DG, et al. Candida spp. prevalence in well controlled type 2 diabetic patients with denture stomatitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2011;111(6):726- 33. doi: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2011.02.033.
  39. Gendreau L, Loewy ZG. Epidemiology and etiology of denture stomatitis. J Prosthodont. 2011;20(4):251-60. doi: 10.1111/j.1532-849X.2011.00698.x.
  40. Pereira-Cenci T, Deng DM, Kraneveld EA, Manders EM, Del Bel Cury AA, Ten Cate JM, et al. The effect of Streptococcus mutans and Candida glabrata on Candida albicans biofilms formed on different surfaces. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(8):755- 64. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2008.02.015.
  41. Samaranayake LP, McCourtie J, MacFarlane TW. Factors affecting th in-vitro adherence of Candida albicans to acrylic surfaces. Arch Oral Biol. 1980;25(8-9):611-5. doi: 10.1016/0003-9969(80)90076-x.
  42. Bürgers R, Hahnel S, Reichert TE, Rosentritt M, Behr M, Gerlach T, et al. Adhesion of Candida albicans to various dental implant surfaces and the influence of salivary pellicle proteins. Acta Biomater. 2010;6(6):2307-13. doi: 10.1016/j. actbio.2009.11.003.
  43. Salvatori O, Puri S, Tati S, Edgerton M. Innate immunity and saliva in Candida albicans-mediated oral diseases. J Dent Res. 2016;95(4):365-71. doi: 10.1177/0022034515625222.
  44. Poureslami HR, Moshtaghi GR, Hori A, Sharifi M, Ziaaddini H. Comparison of Salivary secretory IgA in caries-free children and children with severe early childhood caries. J Kerman Univ Med Sci. 2010;17(1):83-8. [Persian].
Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume 30, Issue 1
January and February 2023
Pages 58-63
Files
Share
How to cite
Statistics