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The Secretome of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: A Promising Cell-Free Option for Heart Regeneration

Document Type : Review Article

Authors

1 Department of Anatomical Sciences, and Pathology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

2 Pathology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

3 Department of Basic sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kerman, Iran

4 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Afzalipour Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

5 Pathology and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Pathology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

6 Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

7 Student Research Committee, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

8 Department of Anatomical Sciences, and Pathology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

Abstract

One of the most common causes of global death is cardiovascular disease (CVD). Using mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy for treating CVDs is revolutionizing regenerative medicine. Some challenges that have limited MSC therapy’s practical application include cell harvesting difficulty, ectopic transplantation, spontaneous differentiation to cartilage and bone, and possible immune responses following transplantation. MSCs release extracellular vesicles and biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines, collectively called the secretome. Recent studies have shown that secretome administration could replace MSC transplantation. The secretome of MSCs plays a crucial role in controlling inflammatory reactions, enhancing tissue reperfusion by stimulating angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, preventing apoptosis and fibrosis development, and fostering the proliferation and differentiation of cardiac stem cells. This review discusses the current knowledge of MSC secretome application in cardiac regenerative medicine. It introduces possible approaches to improve cardiac recovery outcomes by utilizing the secretome in the clinic.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References
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Journal of Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Volume 31, Issue 4
July and August 2024
Pages 204-213
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