Document Type : Review Article
Authors
1 Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Research Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
Abstract
Backgrounds
Heavy metals, such as copper, arsenic, and lead, are released into the environment primarily through anthropogenic activities. These metals pose significant risks to both human health and ecological systems due to their toxicity and persistence in the environment
Aims
This review article studies cognitive impairment induced by heavy metals (copper, arsenic, and lead) and explores therapeutic approaches to mitigate the risk of neurotoxicity.
Methodology
The most relevant studies were on the neurotoxic effects of heavy metals and interventions aimed at reducing cognitive decline, with a focus on qualitative and quantitative research from 2000 to 2024. The review utilized databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Web of Science, employing a dual-review process for data extraction to ensure the accuracy and reliability of findings.
Results and conclusion
There are many sources of heavy metal pollution like burning petrol and other fossil fuels, industrial activities, wastewater discharge, and hazardous waste management which can increase the amount of these trace elements in the environment. Heavy metals have a strong inhibitory effect on biodegradation processes, leading to biological toxicity problems. While trace amounts of these metals are essential for biological functions like copper, excessive exposure can result in severe health issues, including cognitive impairments. For instance, high levels of lead are associated with significant cognitive impairment, especially in children. Furthermore, arsenic and copper, both have been linked to neurological disorders and other health complications when present in elevated concentration. Current therapeutic strategies for treating heavy metal-induced cognitive impairments include chelating agents and antioxidants.
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