1. WHO. Adolescent pregnancy. [cited 2019 Sep 18] Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/adolescent-pregnancy.
2. Karimi L, Mirzaii Najmabadi K, Ebadi A, Makvandi S, Mahdavian M. Exploring educational structure needed for reproductive health in men related to sexually transmitted diseases and HIV / AIDS: a qualitative study. Razi Journal of Medical Sciences 2016; 23(147):82-90. [In Persian].
3. Karimi L, Mirzaii Najmabadi K, Ebadi A, Pormehr Yabandeh A. Exploration of reproductive healthcare needs among adult men regarding sexual transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS. Electron Physician 2017; 9(9):5250-6.
4. Larki M, Hadizadeh Tala-Saz Z, Manouchehri-Torshizi E, Vatanchi A, Mirzaii-Najmabadi K. A Review of HIV/AIDS prevention interventions in Iran. Navid No 2018; 21(66):63-76. [In Persian].
6. Azadarmaki T, Sharifi Saei MH, Isari M, Talebi S. The typology of premarital sex patterns in Iran. Semi-Annually Jame Pazhuhiy Farhangi 2012; 2(2):1-34. [In Persian].
7. Grarmaroudi G, Makarem J, Alavi SS, Abbasi Z. Health related risk behaviors among high school students in Tehran, Iran. Payesh 2010; 9(1):13-9. [In Persian].
8. Goya MM AM. Report of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the monitoring of the UN Declaration of Commitment Special United Nations General Assembly on HIV / AIDS. Tehran: Andishmand; 2008. 142 p.
9. M V. How to regulate behaviors and sexual relations in the West and Islamic countries based on the comparison of the two German-Austrian societies with the Iranian society. Applied Issues of Islamic Education. 2005;8:4-10.
10. Mahdavi P. Passionate Uprisings: Iran Sexual Revolution. California: Stanford University Press; 2008. p.344.
11. Bogale A, Seme A. Premarital sexual practices and its predictors among in-school youths of shendi town, west Gojjam zone, North Western Ethiopia. Reprod Health 2014; 11:49.
12. Awusabo-Asare K, Abane AM, Kumi-Kyereme A. Adolescent sexual and reproductive health in Ghana: a synthesis of research evidence. New York: Alan Guttmacher Institute; 2004.
13. Nzioka C. Dealing with the risks of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections among adolescents: some experiences from Kenya. Afr J Reprod Health 2001; 5(3):132-49.
14. Z E. Identification and Prioritization messages related to sexual restraint male and female high school students to providing appropriate content. Mashhad: Ferdowsi University; 2015.
16. Abstinence sex education.
17. Weed SE, Lickona T. Abstinence Education in Context: History, Evidence, Premises, and Comparison to Comprehensive Sexuality Education. New York: Nova Sciences; 2014.
18. Santelli J, Ott MA, Lyon M, Rogers J, Summers D, Schleifer R. Abstinence and abstinence-only education: a review of US policies and programs. J Adolesc Health 2006; 38(1):72-81.
19. Abel EM, Greco M. A preliminary evaluation of an abstinence-oriented empowerment program for public school youth. Research on Social Work Practice 2008; 18(3):223-30.
20. Howard M, McCabe JB. Helping teenagers postpone sexual involvement. Fam Plann Perspect 1990; 22(1):21-6.
21. Vigil P, Riquelme R, Rivadeneira R, Aranda W. TeenSTAR: una opción de madurez y libertad: Programa de educación integral de la sexualidad, orientado a adolescentes. Revista Médica de Chile. 2005; 133(10):1173-82.
22. Weed SE, Ericksen IH, Lewis A, Grant GE, Wibberly KH. An abstinence program's impact on cognitive mediators and sexual initiation. Am J Health Behav 2008; 32(1):60-73.
23. Young M, Core-Gebhart P, Marx D. Abstinence-oriented sexuality education: initial field test results of the Living Smart curriculum. Family Life Educator 1992.
24. Kantor LM, Santelli JS, Teitler J, Balmer R. Abstinence-only policies and programs: an overview. Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2008; 5(3):6-17.
25. Underhill K, Montgomery P, Operario D. Sexual abstinence only programmes to prevent HIV infection in high income countries: systematic review. Bmj 2007; 335(7613):248.
26. Kirby DB. The impact of abstinence and comprehensive sex and STD/HIV education programs on adolescent sexual behavior. Sexuality Research & Social Policy 2008; 5(3):18-27.
27. Thomas MH. Abstinence-based programs for prevention of adolescent pregnancies: a review. J Adolesc Health 2000; 26(1):5-17.
28. Kim C, Rector R. Abstinence education: assessing the evidence. Heritage Foundation 2008; No 2126.
29. Phillips E. Abstinence-only sexual education vs. comprehensive sexual education, with emphasis on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of adolescents. [cited 2019 Oct 25] Available from: https://soar.wichita.edu/handle/10057/1097.
30. Arnold EM, Smith TE, Harrison DF, Springer DW. The effects of an abstinence-based sex education program on middle school students’ knowledge and beliefs. Research on Social Work Practice 1999; 9(1):10-24.
31. Borawski EA, Trapl ES, Lovegreen LD, Colabianchi N, Block T. Effectiveness of abstinence-only intervention in middle school teens. Am J Health Behav 2005; 29(5):423-34.
32. Denny G, Young M. An evaluation of an abstinence‐only sex education curriculum: An 18‐month follow‐up. J Sch Health 2006; 76(8):414-22.
33. Jemmott 3rd JB, Jemmott LS, Fong GT. Abstinence and safer sex HIV risk-reduction interventions for African American adolescents: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 1998; 279(19):1529-36.
34. Jemmott JB, Jemmott LS, Fong GT. Efficacy of a theory-based abstinence-only intervention over 24 months: a randomized controlled trial with young adolescents. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2010; 164(2):152-9.
35. Lieberman LD, Gray H, Wier M, Fiorentino R, Maloney P. Long-term outcomes of an abstinence-based, small-group pregnancy prevention program in New York City schools. Fam Plann Perspect 2000; 32(5):237-45.
36. Sather L, Zinn K. Effects of abstinence‐only education on adolescent attitudes and values concerning premarital sexual intercourse. Fam Community Health 2002; 25(2):1-15.
37. Trenholm C, Devaney B, Fortson K, Clark M, Quay L, Wheeler J. Impacts of abstinence education on teen sexual activity, risk of pregnancy, and risk of sexually transmitted diseases. J J Policy Anal Manage 2008; 27(2):255-76.
38. Weed SE, Ericksen IH, Birch PJ. An evaluation of the heritage keepers abstinence education program. evaluating abstinence education programs: improving implementation and assessing impact Washington DC: Office of Population Affairs and the Administration for Children and Families. Department of Health & Human Services 2005; 2005:88-103.
39. Greene VL, Monahan DJ, Ditmar M, Roloson T. Effectiveness of an abstinence-only intervention sited in neighborhood community centers. Journal of Children and Poverty 2011; 17(1):111-24.